Crystalloids Versus Colloids

<p>A Preliminary Investigation into the Association of Chloride Concentration on Morbidity and Mortality in Hospitalized Canine Patients</p>

“…The worsened outcomes with elevations in chloride concentration found in this study should be interpreted with caution, particularly alongside the consideration of well-described deleterious effects of excessive volume administration. [50][51][52][53][54] Contrary to the human study which observed an association between VACL and mortality, 8 the current prospective study did not observe an association between VACL and mortality, nor between VACL and AKI. This might suggest that the total volume of IV fluids administered in this study contributed to the development of AKI, rather than the administered chloride load itself.…”

“…The injurious effects of greater total volume of fluid infused and positive fluid balance in critically ill human patients are well described in the literature. 50,55,56 Excessive volume administration leads to interstitial and organ edema, 51 and renal impairment can occur subsequent to increased interstitial pressures or a consequence of abdominal compartment syndrome. Release of atrial natriuretic peptide secondary to hypervolemia increases renal salt and water excretion, reduces plasma volume and directly damages the endothelial glycocalyx.…”

“…Release of atrial natriuretic peptide secondary to hypervolemia increases renal salt and water excretion, reduces plasma volume and directly damages the endothelial glycocalyx. 51 Positive fluid balance has been shown to be independently associated with both AKI and higher mortality rates. 50,57 In the current study, there was no significant difference in the volume of IV fluid administered per kilogram nor the volume of crystalloid administered per day between AKI groups.…”