Crystallographically oriented Fe nanocrystals formed in Fe-implanted TiO2

Zhou, Shengqiang; Talut, G.; Potzger, К.; Shalimov, A.; Grenzer, J.; Skorupa, W.; Helm, M.; Faßbender, J.; Čižmár, E.; Zvyagin, S. A.; Wosnitza, J.

doi:10.1063/1.2905236

Cited by 43 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The profile does change significantly upon increasing the annealing temperature to 923 K. After annealing at 1073 K, we can see that the distribution of Ni is more concentrated, which indicates that the Ni grain is growing and locates in a narrow depth range. The diffusion behavior of Ni in TiO 2 is different from Fe [23]. Fe diffuses towards the surface with increasing annealing temperature.…”

Section: Lattice Damage and Recoverymentioning

confidence: 93%

“…It indicates that Ni NCs are not crystallographically oriented inside the TiO 2 matrix [24]. Upon thermal treatment, Ni NCs in TiO 2 are much more stable than Fe in TiO 2 [23]. With increasing annealing temperature, Fe NCs were oxidized into FeTiO 3 .…”

Section: Structural Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…As shown in Figure 3(a), in addition to the sharp peaks arising from the TiO 2 substrate, one sees the appearance of Ni(111), which is growing and becoming narrow with increasing annealing temperatures. The average crystallite size is calculated by using the Scherrer formula shown in Figure 3(b) [23]:…”

Section: Structural Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2). In calculation, we assume K eff as 5.7×10 4 Jm 3 , the anisotropy energy density for bulk Ni [23]. One notes a large deviation in the blocking temperature for samples with smaller Ni NCs, which may be due to the large error in the estimation of the Ni crystallite size using SRXRD.…”

Section: Magnetic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of structural and magnetic properties of Ni implanted rutile

Ding

2012

Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron.

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In this paper, the structural and magnetic properties of Ni metal implanted TiO 2 single crystals are discussed. Ni nanocrystals (NCs) have been formed in TiO 2 after ion implantation. Their crystalline sizes were increased with increasing post-annealing temperature. Metallic Ni NCs inside the TiO 2 matrix are stable up to an annealing temperature of 1073 K. The Ni NCs forming inside TiO 2 are the major contribution of the measured ferromagnetism. diluted magnetic oxides, ion implantation, TiO 2 PACS number(s): 78.67. Bf, 61.05.Cp, 82.80.Yc Citation: Ding B F. Investigation of structural and magnetic properties of Ni implanted rutile.Currently, there is a great deal of interest in diluted magnetic oxides (DMO), because the ferromagnetism is robust well above room temperature. These kinds of materials are fabricated by doping oxide semiconductors, such as ZnO, TiO 2 , SnO 2 , and In 2 O 3 , with transition metals. Many groups have reported the observation of ferromagnetism in transition-metal-doped rutile and anatase TiO 2 [1-4]. However, the origin for the measured ferromagnetism is questionable. It was also found that the measured ferromagnetic properties can originate from nanoscale precipitates [5-10], or defects inside TiO 2 [11-13]. Akdogan et al. [14] identified two ferromagnetic contributions in Co implanted TiO 2 from diluted Co 2+ and metallic Co nanocrystals (NCs), respectively. Recently several review articles have addressed the complexity of transition-metal-doped oxides concerning the origin of ferromagnetism [15-17]. At the same time, there are some reports about Fe-doped, TiO 2 , Co-doped, TiO 2 , La or Sr-doped, TiO 2 [ 7,18,19]. In those papers, the authors observed the ferromagnetic NCs and pronounced magnetoelectric effects. To optimize these magnetoelectric effects, a systematic investigation of structure, magnetic properties and temperature stability of these NCs is needed. In this article, a correlation between structure and magnetism in Ni-implanted TiO 2 is presented. We try to answer two questions: (i) What is the origin of the ferromagnetism in Ni-implanted TiO 2 , and (ii) what is the effect of postannealing on the magnetic and structural properties of Ni-implanted TiO 2 ? ExperimentsCommercial TiO 2 bulk crystals were implanted with Ni ions at 623 K with a fluence of 4×10 16 cm 2 . The implantation energy was 180 keV, which resulted in a projected range of R P =(84±29) nm and a maximum atomic concentration of about 5% (TRIM code). Annealing was performed in a high-vacuum (base pressure 10 6 mbar) furnace at temperatures ranging from 823 to 1073 K for 15 min. Four samples were investigated and are listed in Table 1. The lattice damage recovered after annealing was evaluated by Rutherford backscattering/channeling spectrometry (RBS/C).

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Section: Lattice Damage and Recoverymentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Structural Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Structural Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Magnetic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Investigation of structural and magnetic properties of Ni implanted rutile

Ding

2012

Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron.

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“…Interactions between different magnetic phases of NPs have attracted both fundamental and technological research interest, motivated by the challenge of discovering and understanding phenomena related to the finite-size effects, surface/interface effects, including symmetry breaking and lattice-host exchange interactions [1][2][3]. There has been a great deal of recent interest in the incorporation of metal or metal oxide NPs into dielectric and semiconductor matrices to form nanocomposites [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Metal NPs in dielectric matrix could have potential applications in nonlinear optics and high density magnetic storage devices or magnetic sensors [13,14].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%