Crystallized fraction and crystal size effects on the strength and toughness of lithium disilicate glass-ceramics

Senk, Mariza Veiga; Mathias, Ivan; Zanotto, Edgar Dutra; Serbena, Francisco Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2023.02.004

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Young’s modulus and the hardness of the pore walls for the 5–20 M CSp-Pa were examined by nanoindentation. Both Young’s modulus and hardness monotonously rose with the varying concentration of NaOH solution ( Figure 8 a), which was ascribed to increasing volume fractions and aspect ratios of precipitated LD crystals [ 3 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Young's modulus and the hardness of the pore walls for the 5-20 M CSp-Pa were examined by nanoindentation. Both Young's modulus and hardness monotonously rose with the varying concentration of NaOH solution (Figure 8a), which was ascribed to increasing volume fractions and aspect ratios of precipitated LD crystals [3,[52][53][54][55]. To be specific, with the increasing NaOH concentration, Young's modulus and hardness varied from 56.9 ± 2.5 GPa to 79.1 ± 2.1 GPa and from 4.6 ± 0.9 GPa to 8.1 ± 0.8 GPa, respectively.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lithium disilicate (Li 2 Si 2 O 5 , written as LD) glass–ceramics, the microstructure of which features interlocked rod-like LD crystals embedded in glass matrix [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], have gained much attention in prosthetic dentistry since 1998 [ 4 ]. In recent years, a novel restorative material, polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network material (PICN), has gained researchers’ attention [ 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Porous Lithium Disilicate Glass–Ceramics Prepared by Cold Sintering Process Associated with Post-Annealing Technique

Lyu,

Seo,

Han

et al. 2024

Materials

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Using melt-derived LD glass powders and 5–20 M NaOH solutions, porous lithium disilicate (Li2Si2O5, LD) glass–ceramics were prepared by the cold sintering process (CSP) associated with the post-annealing technique. In this novel technique, H2O vapor originating from condensation reactions between residual Si–OH groups in cold-sintered LD glasses played the role of a foaming agent. With the increasing concentration of NaOH solutions, many more residual Si–OH groups appeared, and then rising trends in number as well as size were found for spherical pores formed in the resultant porous LD glass–ceramics. Correspondingly, the total porosities and average pore sizes varied from 25.6 ± 1.3% to 48.6 ± 1.9% and from 1.89 ± 0.68 μm to 13.40 ± 10.27 μm, respectively. Meanwhile, both the volume fractions and average aspect ratios of precipitated LD crystals within their pore walls presented progressively increasing tendencies, ranging from 55.75% to 76.85% and from 4.18 to 6.53, respectively. Young’s modulus and the hardness of pore walls for resultant porous LD glass–ceramics presented remarkable enhancement from 56.9 ± 2.5 GPa to 79.1 ± 2.1 GPa and from 4.6 ± 0.9 GPa to 8.1 ± 0.8 GPa, whereas their biaxial flexural strengths dropped from 152.0 ± 6.8 MPa to 77.4 ± 5.4 MPa. Using H2O vapor as a foaming agent, this work reveals that CSP associated with the post-annealing technique is a feasible and eco-friendly methodology by which to prepare porous glass–ceramics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Porous Lithium Disilicate Glass–Ceramics Prepared by Cold Sintering Process Associated with Post-Annealing Technique

Lyu,

Seo,

Han

et al. 2024

Materials

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“…This is by no means unintuitive. Bridging degradation tends to be more exacerbated for microstructures that induce more marked bridging events, as when particles are larger and more elongated ( Foulk et al 2007 ; Sabino et al 2022 ; Senk et al 2023 ). This has been shown experimentally for 2 lithium disilicates in Kirsten et al (2020) , where the one exhibiting elongated 5-µm-long Li 2 Si 2 O 5 crystals showed more extensive cyclic fatigue degradation than the one having Li 2 Si 2 O 5 of 1 µm in size of a lower aspect ratio, irrespective of test frequency and R-ratio.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue Threshold R-Curves for Dental Lithium Disilicate Glass–Ceramics

2023

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Chemical and mechanical fatigue degradation in ceramic materials is generally inconspicuous yet ubiquitous, to the effect that clinical fractures still consist of the main cause of failure in all-ceramic restorations. Implications of this span wide, from a reduced survival prognosis for the affected teeth, including more frequent and increasingly invasive procedural interventions, to the financial burden borne by individuals and health care systems. To suffice as an effective corrective, restoration lifetimes need only to be extended so to outlive the patient. That opens a box of problems from a materials science standpoint, entailing inherent deficiencies of brittle materials to resist mechanical and environmental challenges. Efforts in developing more damage-tolerant and fatigue-resistant restoratives go thus hand in hand with understanding intrinsic mechanisms of crack growth behavior under conditions that simulate the oral environment. Here we developed experiments using size-relevant sharp precracked specimens with controlled size and geometry (truncated semielliptical crack in the surface-crack-in-biaxial-flexure method) to establish a relationship between crack size and strength. The tangent method was used to construct envelopes for the quasi-static resistance curves (R-curves), which served as template for deriving residual cyclic R-curve analogs. By means of experimentally obtained stress–cycle curves, lifetime and fatigue parameters were employed within a mechanistic framework to reveal constitutive toughening mechanisms during subcritical growth under cyclic loading in a wet environment. Using 3 modern dental lithium disilicate glass–ceramics, we demonstrate the extent of R-curve degradation up to a threshold of 10 million cycles (~30 y in service) and draw parallels between the scope of fatigue degradation and the size of the microstructural units responsible for toughening mechanisms in glass–ceramic materials. Our results indicate that larger microstructural elements endow glass–ceramics with a higher reaching quasi-static R-curve at the onset but degrading more rapidly to comparable levels of lithium disilicates having submicrometric and nanometric crystal phases.

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Diopside-like based ceramics prepared via one-step sintering of extracted titanium slag and coal fly ash

Chen,

Peng,

Sun

et al. 2024

Ceramics International

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Crystallized fraction and crystal size effects on the strength and toughness of lithium disilicate glass-ceramics

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Porous Lithium Disilicate Glass–Ceramics Prepared by Cold Sintering Process Associated with Post-Annealing Technique

Porous Lithium Disilicate Glass–Ceramics Prepared by Cold Sintering Process Associated with Post-Annealing Technique

Fatigue Threshold R-Curves for Dental Lithium Disilicate Glass–Ceramics

Diopside-like based ceramics prepared via one-step sintering of extracted titanium slag and coal fly ash

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