Crystallization mechanisms and properties of α-cordierite glass–ceramics from K2O–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 glasses

A review of the structures of oxide glasses by Raman spectroscopy

“…The glass technology in South 20 Asia was started with 1730 BCE [1]. The soda glasses with high alumina are rarely 30 used around the Mediterranean area or in the Middle East. The glass objects have been developed in Romanian Empire and Anglo-Saxon period in domestic, industrial and funerary contexts.…”

“…The silicate glasses were investigated in presence of Na 2 O, Li 2 O, K 2 O and CaO by various research groups [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Several local packing arrangements are available in glasses which 30 enable the tuning of their properties through composition and processing. The sufficient network modifiers are used in glass formation to modify the glass properties.…”

“…In present review article, Raman spectroscopic results for structures of borate, silicate, phosphate, borosilicate, borophosphate, aluminosilicate, phosphosilicate, alumino-borosilicate and tellurite glasses are summarized. The low melting glasses were prepared in the glass system K 2 O-MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 [30]. The calcium, sodium, potassium, iron, gadolium, zinc, lead, chromium, molybdenum, lanthanum, bismuth, tungsten, samarium, copper, cadmimium, barium, silver contained phosphate glasses have been investigated for various application 65 purpose .…”

Preparation and properties of sintered glass–ceramics containing Au–Cu tailing waste

“…3, T 1 -T 4 ), the amount of crystal particles increased when the size decreased and there is also a reduction in the content of the glass phase, both of which made the structure more compact. The reason for this is that the ions of the network-modifying increased lead to a decrease in the glass crystallization activation energy [24,25]. In addition, as the amount of iron ions that serve as nucleation agents becomes higher, the crystallization process is easy to enhance, and this promotes internal melt precipitation of the crystal [9,26].…”

The crystallization kinetics of the MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–TiO2 glass ceramics system produced from industrial waste

“…Goel et al [15] reported that the activation energy of the glass system MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -TiO 2 was measured to be 498 kJ mol -1 for cordierite. Also, Song et al [18] calculated the activation energy of the glass system K 2 O-MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 between 348 and 370 kJ mol -1 for the formation of cordierite. Some researchers [14,18] also reported that the alkali oxides such as K 2 O, CeO 2 and La 2 O 3 decrease the formation temperature of cordierite because the alkali oxides act as a glass network modifier and SiO 2 increases the formation temperature of cordierite The crystallization kinetics of the MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -TiO 2 glass ceramics system produced from… because it acts as a glass network former.…”