Crystallization and second harmonic generation in thermally poled niobium borophosphate glasses

Second-order optical non-linearity initiated in Li2O–Nb2O5–SiO2 and Li2O–ZnO–Nb2O5–SiO2 glasses by formation of polar and centrosymmetric nanostructures

“…Nevertheless, noticeable structural changes in alkali-free poled glasses were observed by Raman spectroscopy by Xi Ya et al [12]. Formation of alkali-depleted layer during poling of glasses containing weak-linked mobile (one-valent) cations were detected by Malakho et al [13]. Some changes of Raman spectra were observed in polarized spectra of both extruded [14] and electrically poled [15] lanthanum borogermanate glasses.…”

Enhanced Raman scattering in thermally poled sodium-niobium borophosphate glasses

“…4,5 In such glasses, the second order nonlinear optical ͑NLO͒ response has been correlated to a third order NLO process through interaction of a high ͑3͒ value, linked to the presence of a three-dimensional ͑3D͒ niobate network, [6][7][8] with a static internal electric field ͑E int ͒ induced by a migration of sodium ions away from the anode surface. 4,9 ͑2͒ = 3 ͑3͒ E int .…”

Lanthanum borogermanate glass-based active dielectrics

“…In spite of very moderate SHG activity, taking into account ferroelectric nature of stillwellite crystals, the formed microstructure is of interest for initiation of second-order optical non-linearity by dc poling in analogy with the technique proposed by authors of [18,19] who found remarkable increase of SHG in nano-structured poled glasses. It should be emphasized that contrary to [18,19] ferroelectric crystals precipitate in the bulk of LBG glasses, so that dc poling is expected to increase SHG much more by orienting spontaneous polarization along the field applied. One can also suppose that, in view of their high fiber-forming ability, LBG glasses of P, P1, P2 and P3 compositions will constitute a promising basis for the development of NLO waveguides.…”