“…In particular, titania as a valuable photocatalytic degradation material is used as a novel host material of rare-earth ions as a result of its unique optical and electrical capabilities [16,17]. Up to now, many different approaches including sonochemistry [18], nonionic surfactant-assisted soft-chemistry [19], microplasma oxidation [20], sol-gel [21] and hydrothermal method [22] had been developed to prepare europium-doped titania.…”