Crystalline Porous Material‐Based Nanogenerators: Recent Progress, Applications, Challenges, and Opportunities

Abstract

Nanogenerator (NG) is a potential technology that allows to build self‐powered systems, sensors, flexible and portable electronics in the current Internet of Things (IoT) generation. Nanogenerators include piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), convert different forms of mechanical motion into useful electrical signals. They have evolved and expanded their applications in various fields since their discovery in 2006 and 2012. Material selection is crucial for designing efficient NGs, with high conversion efficiencies. In the recent past, crystalline porous mat erials (metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs)) have been widely reported as potential candidates for nanogenerators, owing to their special properties of large surface area, porosity tailoring, ease of surface, post‐synthesis modification, and chemical stability. The present organized review provides a complete overview of all the crystalline porous materials (CPMs)‐based nanogenerator devices reported in the literature, including synthesis, characterization, device fabrication, and potential applications. Additionally, this review article discusses current challenges, future directions, and perspectives in the field of CPMs‐NGs.

Nitrogen and Sulfur Rich Covalent Organic Framework‐Chitosan Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Disposable Urination Evaluation Tool

“…Their building blocks are composed of lighter elements (C, H, O, N, and B) in a metal-free structure, making them highly compatible with biological components. [26,27] Despite their potential, there are few reports on the use of CoFs in TENGs. For example, Zhai et al used a cationic CoF as a positive triboelectric material against PVDF and achieved an output of 815 V with 47.9 μA, outperforming most other metal-organic frameworks (MoFs) and polymer-based TENG systems.…”

“…Their building blocks are composed of lighter elements (C, H, O, N, and B) in a metal‐free structure, making them highly compatible with biological components. [ 26,27 ]…”

Phosphor-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Mechanical Energy Harvesting and Self-Powered Systems

“…Recently, there has been a lot of focus on using oxide materials in TENG fabrication for long-term growth and environmental preservation. , However, despite its versatile properties, ZVO has yet to be harnessed for energy-harvesting applications. To harness the untapped potential of this material, we have adopted TENG technology, which offers a wide range of material choices for designing innovative energy-harvesting devices. − The current research aligns with the TENG field trend, which emphasizes exploring new materials for TENG applications that offer multifunctionality and enhanced performance. − The main advantage of using ZVO is its multifunctionality as a luminescent and energy-harvesting material.…”

Facile Direct Growth of ZIF-67 Metal–Organic Framework for Triboelectric Nanogenerators and Their Application in the Internet of Vehicles

“…In recent years, metal–organic framework (MOF), a highly crystalline porous material which is built up of inorganic metal ions and organic ligands held by a strong covalent bond forming a repeated framework structure, has emerged as a strong candidate in the TENG field. − The porous nature of MOF materials can magnify their surface area, hence increasing the output responses of the TENG device. Among all MOFs, zeolitic imidazole frameworks (ZIFs) are the most studied material for TENG application.…”