Crystalline inclusions in chloroplasts of the coconut palm

A Crystalline Inclusion In the Chloroplates of the Outer Hyphoderminal Cells of the Banana Fruit

“…Evidence of this is given in Figure 2 where the body is shown separated from the lamellar system of the chloroplast. This observation is in agreement with Price and Thomson (1967), but not with Price, Martinez, and Warmke (1966) as the latter stated that all the crystalline inclusions observed in the chloroplasts of coconut palm leaves were enclosed by a membrane. Although a membrane clearly surrounds the space in which the inclusion occurs in the plastid in Figure 1 of their paper, it does seem possible that the plastid could have come from a mature leaf beginning to senesce and that the surrounding membrane is one of the few membranes left in the plastid structure.…”

“…1 and 2) there was a space surrounding the inclusion, as if it had been pulled away from the plastid structure while maintaining its original shape. A similar effect is observed in electron micrographs of Price, Martinez, and Warmke (1966) after osmium fixation. Mter glutaraldehyde fixation, the inclusion was closely associated with the plastid structure; Price and Thomson (1967) and Shumway, Weier, and Stocking (1967) also showed such an association.…”

“…6). The spacing of the units after osmium tetroxide fixation was from lO4-130 A, with an average of 120 A, a value similar to that given by Price, Martinez, and Warmke (1966), but less than that of 160 A given for the crystalline inclusion in the coconut palm after glutaraldehyde fixation (Price and Thomson 1967). The spacing in the inclusion in the banana after glutaraldehyde fixation was approximately 130 A.…”

“…in the chloroplasts of leaves of beet (Englebrecht and Esau 1963), Abutilon (Sun 1965), coconut palm (Price, Martinez, and Warmke 1967), Macadamia (Price and Thomson 1967), Vicia faba (Shumway, Weier, and Stocking 1967), and of the sporangial wall of Equisetum (Manton 1966); in cytoplasm (Cronshaw 1964;Thornton and Thimann 1964;Marinos 1965;Arnott and Smith 1967;Petzold 1967); in xylem vessels (Arnott and Dauwalder 1967); and in mitochondria (Arnott 19.(7). Early observations (Englebrecht and Esau 1963;Sun 1965) associated the inclusions with a virus infection, but later observations (Cronshaw, Hoefert, and Esau 1966;Price, Martinez, and Warmke 1966;Price and Thompson 1967) have refuted this possibility. Most of the crystalline inclusions have been shown surrounded by a membrane.…”

Dynamic Reorganization of Metabolic Enzymes into Intracellular Bodies

“…Whatever the reason, eukaryotes frequently compartmentalize metabolic enzymes within membranes. We highlight three cases of ordered aggregates within peroxisomes as examples typical of bodies seen in other membrane-bound compartments such as the mitochondria (Polianskyte et al 2009) and the chloroplast (Englebrecht & Esau 1963, Price et al 1966). …”