Crystalline Engineering Toward Large-Scale High-Efficiency Printable Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ Thin Film Solar Cells on Flexible Substrate by Femtosecond Laser Annealing Process

Abstract

Ink-printing method emerges as a viable way for manufacturing large-scale flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se (CIGS) thin film photovoltaic (TFPV) devices owing to its potential for the rapid process, mass production, and low-cost nonvacuum device fabrication. Here, we brought the femtosecond laser annealing (fs-LA) process into the ink-printing CIGS thin film preparation. The effects of fs-LA treatment on the structural and optoelectronic properties of the ink-printing CIGS thin films were systematically investigated. It was observed that, while the film surface morphology remained essentially unchanged under superheating, the quality of crystallinity was significantly enhanced after the fs-LA treatment. Moreover, a better stoichiometric composition was achieved with an optimized laser scanning rate of the laser beam, presumably due to the much reduced indium segregation phenomena, which is believed to be beneficial in decreasing the defect states of In, V, and In. Consequently, the shunt leakage current and recombination centers were both greatly decreased, resulting in a near 20% enhancement in photovoltaic conversion efficiency.

Enhanced chemical and physical properties of PEDOT doped with anionic polyelectrolytes prepared from acrylic derivatives and application to nanogenerators

“…due to its exibility, transparency and electrical properties. [46][47][48][49][50][51] Especially, exible PVDF-based PNGs with PEDOT composites can be some of the ways to supply energy to self-powered systems. The PNG-(1D-3D)(60) samples were tested for use in sensing applications by nger and wrist bending and releasing motions as shown in Fig.…”

Review of CIGS-based solar cells manufacturing by structural engineering

“…The cost of production and complex vacuum processes compels researchers to develop low-cost and simple non-vacuum methods (Adel et al, 2016;Badgujar et al, 2015;Chen et al, 2017aChen et al, , 2017bKaelin et al, 2004;Kuo et al, 2016;Lee et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2012). The nonvacuum techniques are better in and stoichiometric control and material utilization, require low energy input and exhibit high compatible processing compared to the vacuum techniques (Badgujar et al, 2015;Chen et al, 2017a;Kuo et al, 2016;Lee et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2012).…”

“…The cost of production and complex vacuum processes compels researchers to develop low-cost and simple non-vacuum methods (Adel et al, 2016;Badgujar et al, 2015;Chen et al, 2017aChen et al, , 2017bKaelin et al, 2004;Kuo et al, 2016;Lee et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2012). The nonvacuum techniques are better in and stoichiometric control and material utilization, require low energy input and exhibit high compatible processing compared to the vacuum techniques (Badgujar et al, 2015;Chen et al, 2017a;Kuo et al, 2016;Lee et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2012). Nonvacuum techniques can be used in a two-step process, for example, deposition or printing of the CIGS precursor layer at low temperature and then followed by the selenization process at high temperature (Adel et al, 2016;Badgujar et al, 2015;Chen et al, 2017a;Kaelin et al, 2004;Kuo et al, 2016;Lee et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2012).…”

“…Solar cells based on CIGS have high efficiency that is similar to that of crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells but are less expensive because CIGS can absorb light using only ~2.0-2.5 mm layer thickness, which decreases the use of raw materials (Guillemoles, 2002;Noufi and Zweibel, 2006;Ramanujam and Singh, 2017). The CIGS-based solar cells are easy to fabricate compared to c-Si based solar cells by growing it on various rigid and flexible substrates by vacuum and non-vacuum techniques; thus, CIGS-based solar cells are promising candidates for the nextgeneration power-efficient solar cells (Adel et al, 2016;Badgujar et al, 2015;Chen et al, 2017aChen et al, , 2014Choi and Lee, 2007;Delahoy et al, 2004;He et al, 2019;Kaelin et al, 2004;Kuo et al, 2016;Kushiya et al, 2001;Lee et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2012;Nakada et al, 1999;Park et al, 2003;Repins et al, 2008;Tsai et al, 2013;Venkatachalam et al, 2008). In addition to CdTe thin films, CIGS is included in the second-generation thin-film solar cells but CIGS is non-toxic compared to CdTe (Noufi and Zweibel, 2006;Ramanujam and Singh, 2017).…”

Bio‐Multifunctional Smart Wearable Sensors for Medical Devices

“…Because photoelectric devices can monitor human physiological characteristics in real time and provide corresponding clinical information, they are widely used in medical diagnosis and treatment . Recently, many researchers have used photodetectors to achieve photoelectronic skin, showing super‐flexible and integrated tricolor, high‐efficiency polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs), and organic light detectors (OPDs), introducing a variety of electronic functions for the human skin surface .…”