Crystalline Cellulose and Cotton Fiber Strength

Benedict, C. R.; Kohel, R. J.; Jividen, G. M.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1994.0011183x003400010026x

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Elongation of the primordial fiber cells starts on the day of anthesis and continues until reaching the final fiber lengths in about 20 to 25 days. Studies on cellulose synthesis show that secondary wall synthesis starts at around 15 to 22 days post-anthesis (dpa), overlapping with fiber elongation [ 1,10,11 ], and continues for 30 to 40 days. Fiber maturation is evidenced by the desiccation of the fibers and the collapse of the cylindrical cell into a flattened, twisted ribbon beginning at 45 to 60 dpa.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Fiber Strength Variations of Developing Cotton Fibers: Among Ovule Locations and Along the Fiber Length

Hsieh

Wang

2000

Textile Research Journal

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This paper, the first in a series on variations in single fiber properties of developing and mature cotton, focuses on single fiber tensile property variations of greenhouse-grown developing G. hirsutum (Maxxa variety). Variations along single fibers and among locations on ovules are examined on developing and mature cotton fibers sampled from ovules located in the middle of the locules of the first-position bolls. The breaking force and elongation of the midsection of the fibers from the medial portion of these ovules, in either hydrated or dried state fibers, show the most significant increases during the fourth week of development. As fibers develop beyond 30 dpa, the single fiber breaking forces, linear densities, and tenacities become scattered. The forces required to break the midsections of the single fibers are highest, while the breaking forces for fiber sections closer to the basal or tips are similarly lower at all stages of development. Fibers from the medial sections of the ovules have the highest tenacities, followed by those from the micropylar and chalazal ends. Of the mature fibers, the ribbon widths of fibers from the medial sections and the micropylar ends of the ovules are similar, but the medial sections are higher than the micropylar ends. Fibers from the chalazal ends are narrowest and have the lowest linear densities. The tenacities of single fibers from the medial regions of the ovules are higher than those from the chalazal and micropylar ends, the latter two being similar. Ultimate fiber tensile properties are reached in the developing fibers by 30 dpa; further fiber development contributes to thicker cell walls and thus to fiber mass, but not to intrinsic fiber strength.Cotton fiber quality has a direct impact on the market value of the fibers and the quality of cotton products. The most essential cotton fiber qualities related to mechanical processing (yarn spinning, weaving, and knitting) are fineness, length, and strength. For chemical processing such.as scouring, dyeing, and finishing, chemical compositions and fiber structure play major roles. These fiber quality traits depend on both varietal (genetic) and growing (environmental and developmental) factors.Cotton fibers, which are single-celled outgrowths from individual epidermal cells on the outer integument of the ovules or seeds in the cotton fruit, develop over four stages: initiation, elongation, secondary wall thickening, and maturation. The initiation of fibers begins from the epidermal cells on the ovule surface, followed by the elongation and formation of the primary cell wall. Elongation of the primordial fiber cells starts on the day of anthesis and continues until reaching the final fiber lengths in about 20 to 25 days. Studies on cellulose synthesis show that secondary wall synthesis starts at around 15 to 22 days post-anthesis (dpa), overlapping with fiber elongation [ 1, 10, 11 ], and continues for 30 to 40 days. Fiber maturation is evidenced by the desiccation of the fibers and the collapse of the cylindrical cell...

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confidence: 99%

Single Fiber Strength Variations of Developing Cotton Fibers: Among Ovule Locations and Along the Fiber Length

Hsieh

Wang

2000

Textile Research Journal

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“…During secondary wall deposition, the distribution is more narrow, averaging ∼10,000 DP (50), with each 2000 glucose units contributing to ∼1 μm of chain length. The degree of polymerization of cellulose within crystallites is positively correlated with cotton fiber strength (51), and similar effects are likely to occur for individual cellulose nanofibrils within plant cell walls. It is possible that the different CesA isoforms employed for primary vs. secondary wall synthesis help to control the degree of polymerization.…”

Section: Control Cellulose Chain Lengthmentioning

confidence: 80%

Biogenesis of Cellulose Nanofibrils by a Biological Nanomachine

Haigler

Roberts

2009

The Nanoscience and Technology of Renewable Biomaterials

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Cellulose is synthesized by diverse organisms including prokaryotes, protists, animals, and plants. However, cellulose achieves its natural dominance within plants, where ß-1,4-linked glucan chains form long, semi-crystalline fibrils with nanoscale lateral dimensions. Although these fibrils have been conventionally called 'microfibrils', the term 'nanofibril' may be a more appropriate name in the age of nanoscience and nanotechnology (1). This term would reflect the fibril width (ranging between ∼1.5 and 25 nm in different cells) and the importance of surface properties in the chemistry and biological roles of cellulose. A main feature of nanomaterials (with 1-100 nm dimensions) is unique properties that: (a) often arise from a high surface-to-volume ratio; and (b) bridge between the molecular mechanics that applies to the molecular scale and the Newtonian physics that applies to larger objects (2, 3). The surface interactions of cellulose with other molecules are major determinants of its role as a scaffold for deposition of other wall components and the coherence and physical properties of the composite cell wall.In the plant cell wall, the cellulose nanofibrils are commonly 2-6 nm in diameter, with the larger nanofibrils usually occurring in secondary walls. All plant cells contain about ∼15% cellulose in the thin, extensible primary walls that surround growing cells. In this role, the cellulose nanofibrils are able to constrain the direction of plant cell expansion (as driven by isodiametric turgor pressure). This function derives from the high breaking strain energy (5 − 50 × 10 6 J/m 3 ) and tensile strength (∼GN/m 2 ) of cellulose fibrils, in the same range as high tensile steel. In proportion to its density, which is lower than steel,The Nanoscience and Technology of Renewable Biomaterials Edited

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“…The weight-average molecular weight of a population of cellulose chains in crystalline cellulose from TM-1 co on (Gossypium spp.) fi bers was 1.83 × 10 5 Da (Benedict et al, 1994). The molecular weight for citrus pectin was 3.5 × 10 4 g mol −1 (Diaz et al, 2007).…”

Section: Massmentioning

confidence: 98%