Crystalline anatase-rich titanium can reduce adherence of oral streptococci

Abstract

Dental implant abutments that emerge through the mucosa are rapidly covered with a salivary protein pellicle to which bacteria bind, initiating biofilm formation. In this study, adherence of early colonizing streptococci, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus sanguinis to two saliva-coated anodically oxidized surfaces was compared with that on commercially pure titanium (CpTi). Near edge X-ray absorption (NEXAFS) showed crystalline anatase was more pronounced on the anodically oxidized surfaces than on the CpTi. As revealed by fluorescence microscopy, a four-species mixture, as well as individual bacterial species, exhibited lower adherence after 2 h to the saliva-coated, anatase-rich surfaces than to CpTi. Since wettability did not differ between the saliva-coated surfaces, differences in the concentration and/or configuration of salivary proteins on the anatase-rich surfaces may explain the reduced bacterial binding effect. Anatase-rich surfaces could thus contribute to reduced overall biofilm formation on dental implant abutments through diminished adherence of early colonizers.

Bacterial adhesion mechanisms on dental implant surfaces and the influencing factors

“…More crystalline anatase was found on the anodically oxidized surfaces than on the cp-Ti. There was less amount of bacteria adhesion after 2 h to the saliva-coated, anatase-rich surfaces than to cp-Ti [145]. Attachment of salivary proteins with different anatase concentration and/or configuration may be the underlying reason of reduced bacterial binding effect on the anatase-rich surfaces.…”

“…Attachment of salivary proteins with different anatase concentration and/or configuration may be the underlying reason of reduced bacterial binding effect on the anatase-rich surfaces. In general, anatase-rich surfaces could reduce the overall volume of biofilm formation on dental implant abutments through diminished adherence of early colonizers, possibly via anti-biofouling [145] or generation of hydroxyl radicals (OH) from the oxygen and moisture from saliva, that could turn the organic biofilm substance into intermediate species and finally CO 2 and water [146]. However, the antibacterial mechanism of anatase for biofilm is still debatable.…”

Synthesis of biofunctional coating for a TiZr alloy: Surface, electrochemical, and biological characterizations

“…Varying the deposition of parameters possibly favors the growth of bacteria or even sup- presses some of them, such as Staphylococcus epidermidis [42]. It was expected that TiO 2 and ZrO 2 , as well as their crystalline phases found in PEO surfaces, could influence bacterial adhesion, since the anatase phase of TiO 2 was related to the promotion of biofilm reduction of oral streptococci [43], and both crystalline phases of TiO 2 were responsible for preventing the adhesion of Escherichia coli bacteria [15]. Furthermore, ZrO 2 -based surfaces, in comparison with TiO 2 surfaces, promoted slightly less bacterial adhesion on both amorphous and crystalline structures [44].…”

The influence of nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide on the initial adhesion of Streptococcus mitis and mutans

“…Previous research has mainly focused on the application of new materials and subsequently applied antibacterial agents to reduce the occurrence of early colonizers during biofilm formation. A reduction of the adherence of oral streptococci to anatase‐rich anodic oxidized titanium surfaces has been demonstrated (Dorkhan et al, ). PEEK and titanium surfaces covered with nano‐silver showed antibacterial properties as well as the subsequent application of self‐assembling peptides or PLGA(Ag‐Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles (Liu et al, ; Pokrowiecki et al, ; Yang et al, ; Yazici et al, ).…”