Crystal structures of the free and sterol-bound forms of β-cinnamomin

Rodrigues, Maria Luísa; Archer, Margarida; Martel, Paulo; Miranda, S.; Thomaz, M.; Enguita, Francisco J.; Baptista, Ricardo P.; Melo, Eduardo P.; Sousa, Nelson; Cravador, A.; Carrondo, Maria Arménia

doi:10.1016/j.bbapap.2005.09.008

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Further analysis of elicitins from different oomycete species should establish if there are species-specific patterns of cysteine spacing. Two beta-elicitins (cryptogein and cinnamomin) have been shown to bind lipids [61], [62]. The majority of the residues of cryptogein that interact with ergosterol [63] are divergent in the three alpha HaELLs identified here as well as in Phytophthora ELLs [49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Identification of Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Transcript Sequences Expressed during Infection Reveals Isolate-Specific Effectors

et al. 2011

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Biotrophic plant pathogens secrete effector proteins that are important for infection of the host. The aim of this study was to identify effectors of the downy mildew pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) that are expressed during infection of its natural host Arabidopsis thaliana. Infection-related transcripts were identified from Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) derived from leaves of the susceptible Arabidopsis Ws eds1-1 mutant inoculated with the highly virulent Hpa isolate Waco9. Assembly of 6364 ESTs yielded 3729 unigenes, of which 2164 were Hpa-derived. From the translated Hpa unigenes, 198 predicted secreted proteins were identified. Of these, 75 were found to be Hpa-specific and six isolate Waco9-specific. Among 42 putative effectors identified there were three Elicitin-like proteins, 16 Cysteine-rich proteins and 18 host-translocated RXLR effectors. Sequencing of alleles in different Hpa isolates revealed that five RXLR genes show signatures of diversifying selection. Thus, EST analysis of Hpa-infected Arabidopsis is proving to be a powerful method for identifying pathogen effector candidates expressed during infection. Delivery of the Waco9-specific protein RXLR29 in planta revealed that this effector can suppress PAMP-triggered immunity and enhance disease susceptibility. We propose that differences in host colonization can be conditioned by isolate-specific effectors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Identification of Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Transcript Sequences Expressed during Infection Reveals Isolate-Specific Effectors

et al. 2011

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“…; Rodrigues et al. ). These data suggest an intrinsic function of the elicitins as extracellular carriers of sterols and other lipids supposed to be essential to Phytophthora which cannot synthesize sterols.…”

Section: Elicitins – Specific Phytophthora Proteins and Their Impact mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…) and β‐cinnamomin (β‐CIN, Rodrigues et al. ) were solved showing globular proteins with six α‐helices, a short two‐stranded β‐sheet and a large Ω‐loop. This fold is strengthened by three disulphide bonds.…”

Section: Elicitins – Specific Phytophthora Proteins and Their Impact mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies of attack and defence in woody plant–Phytophthora interactions

et al. 2014

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Summary This review comprises both well‐known and recently described Phytophthora species and concentrates on Phytophthora–woody plant interactions. First, comprehensive data on infection strategies are presented which were the basis for three models that explain invasion and spread of Phytophthora pathogens in different woody host plants. The first model describes infection of roots, the second concentrates on invasion of the trunk, and the last one summarizes infection and invasion of host plants via leaves. On the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular data, scenarios are suggested which explain the sequences of reactions that occur in susceptible and tolerant plants following infections of roots or of stem bark. Particular emphasis is paid to the significance of Phytophthora elicitins for such host–pathogen interactions. The overall goal is to shed light on the sequences of pathogenesis to better understand how Phytophthora pathogens harm their host plants.

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“…α and β-cinnamomins Expression and purification of these cinnamomins was as described in Rodrigues et al (2006) and Archer et al (2000). Briefly, the ORF of α-CIN or β-CIN was amplified by PCR from the recombinant vector pTopo α-cin or β-cin obtained by cloning the α-cin or β-cin gene in the PCR II®-TOPO vector (Invitrogen).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The biological role of sterol carrier activity has also been assigned to elicitins due to their peculiar structural features consisting of a hydrophobic cavity that may accommodate a sterol molecule (Mikes et al 1997;Rodrigues et al 2006). Sterol loading from the plasmalemma allows the binding of the elicitins to their receptor, which then activates defence mechanisms in plants (Blein et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of defence responses by cinnamomins against Phytophthora cinnamomi in Quercus suber and Quercus ilex subs. rotundifolia

et al. 2015

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The strong association between Phytophthora cinnamomi and the mortality and decline of Quercus suber and Q. ilex subsp. rotundifolia has been known for two decades. The ability of elicitins secreted by this pathogen to trigger defence responses in these Quercus against itself was evaluated in this work. Biomass quantification by quantitative real-time PCR revealed a significant decrease in pathogen colonization of Q. suber roots after 24 h pre-treatment with α-and β-cinnamomin. In Q. suber and Q. ilex roots pre-treated with α-cinnamomin, hyphae were unable to reach and colonize the vascular cylinder and showed cytoplasmic disorganization in all the roots observed as contrasted with non-pre-treated roots. The pathogen was restricted to the intercellular spaces of the cortical parenchyma and the concomitant accumulation of electron dense materials was observed in contact with the hyphae. Furthermore, ROS (reactive oxygen species) production and the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase were compared in infected and non-infected Quercus roots in time course trials. There was a significant increase in the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O •-) and an enhanced activity of the enzymes in infected roots was observed at each time point. When comparing with elicitin non-treated roots, the α-cinnamomin-treated roots in interaction with P. cinnamomi showed a decrease in ROS accumulation and an increase of the enzyme activities. The overall results were consistent with an induction by the cinnamomins which initiated defence responses against the pathogen invasion of roots. Finally, elicitins were immunolocalized in the contact zone of P. cinnamomi hyphae with epidermal host cells, plasmalemma outer cytoplasm and around the intracellular hyphae in the vacuoles of invaded epidermal cells.

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Crystal structures of the free and sterol-bound forms of β-cinnamomin

Cited by 31 publications

References 55 publications

Identification of Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Transcript Sequences Expressed during Infection Reveals Isolate-Specific Effectors

Identification of Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Transcript Sequences Expressed during Infection Reveals Isolate-Specific Effectors

Strategies of attack and defence in woody plant–Phytophthora interactions

Induction of defence responses by cinnamomins against Phytophthora cinnamomi in Quercus suber and Quercus ilex subs. rotundifolia

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