“…Moreover, the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Base system displays a bewildering variety of single-bond C-C distances between 1.483 and 1.532 A, with an average of 1.517 A for 12 selected piperidine and piperidinium compounds published in the last decade (Kashino, Sumida & Haisa, 1972;Kashino, 1973 N(l')-C(2')-C(3') 107.3 (4) N(l)-C(2)-C(3) 110.5 (4) C(2')-C(3')-C(4') 111.6 (4) C(2)-C(3)-C(4) l I1.0 (4) C(3')-C(4')-C(5') 110.3 (4) C(3)-C(4)-C(5) 111.0 (4) C(4')-C(5')-C(6') 110.9 (5) C(4)-C(5)-C(6) I08.4 (4) C(5')-C(6')-N(I') 110.6 (4) C(5)-C(6)-N(1) 112.2 (4) C(6')-N(1')-C(2') 112.9 (4) C(6)-N(1)-C(2) 109.0 (4) N(I')-C(2')-C(5) 108.4 (4) C(2)-C(3)-C(11) 114.1 (4) C(3')-C(2')-C(5) 116.8 (4) C(4)-C(3)-C(1 l) 108.8 (4) C(2')-C(5)-C(6) 109.7 (4) C(2)-N(1)-C(7) 108.7 (4) C(2')-C(5)-C(4) 112.8 (4) C(6)-N(1)-C(7) 111.2 (4) O(12)-C(11)-O(13) 126.6 (5) N(1)-C(7)-C(8) 113.5 (4) O( 12)-C(1 I)-C(3) 115.7 (5) C(7)-C(8)-C(9) 112.7 (5) O(13)-C(11)-C(3) 117.6 (5) C(8)-C(9)-C(10) 126.3 (6) VIRGIDIVARINE, A SPARTEINE-TYPE ALKALOID Endocyclic N(1')-C(2')-C(3')-C(4') 57-5 (5) N(1)-C(2)-C(3)-C(4) 57.2 (5) C(2')-C(3')-C(4')-C(5') -57.5 (5) C(2)-C(3)-C(4)-C(5) -53.0 (5) C(3')-C(4')-C(5')-C(6') 55.2 (5) C(3)-C(4)-C(5)-C(6) 52.5 (5) C(4')-C(5')-C(6')-N(1') -55.6 (6) C(4)-C(5)-C(6)-N(1) 58.4 (5) C(5')-C(6')-N(1')-C(2') 58.6 (6) C(5)-C(6)-N(1)-C(2) 63.3 (5) C(6')-N(1')-C(2')-C(3') -58.5 (5) C(6)-N(1)-C(2)-C(3) -61.2 (5) Exocyclic N(1')-C(2')-C(5)-C(6) -77.7 (4) C(2)-N(1)-C(7)-C(8) -171.5 (4) C(3')-C(2')-C(5)-C(6) 161. I (4) C(6)-N(1)-C(7)-C(8) 68.5 (5) C(3')-C(2')-C(5)-C(4) 40.1 (5) N(1)-C(7)-C(8)-C(9) 175.2 (4) C( 12)-C(I 1)-C(3)-C(4) -85.3 (5) C(7)-C(8)-C(9)-C(10) 127.6 (7) O( 13)-C( I 1)-C(3)-C(4) 94.1 (5) Boucherle, 1974;Ducruix & Pascard-Billy, 1974;Bhattacharjee & Chacko, 1977;Jask61ski, Gdaniec & Kosturkiewicz, 1977;Minshall & Sheldrick, 1977;Arte, Feneau-Dupont, Declercq, Germain & Van Meerssche, 1977;Romming & Songstad, 1978;Jask61ski, Kosturkiewicz, Mickiewicz-Wicklacz & Wiewiorowski, 1979). The bond lengths of C(11)-O(12) and C(11)-O(13) do not differ significantly: Al and cr(Al) being 0.010 and 0.0085 ,/t respectively.…”