Crystal structure of Oryza sativa TDC reveals the substrate specificity for TDC-mediated melatonin biosynthesis

Zhou, Yuanze; Liao, Lijing; Liu, Xikai; Liu, Biao; Chen, Xinxin; Guo, Yan; Huang, C.H.; Zhao, Yucheng; Zeng, Zhixiong

doi:10.1016/j.jare.2020.06.004

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The enzymes involved in melatonin biosynthesis from tryptophan have a different distribution in plant cells. TDC is localized in the cytoplasm [ 73 ], T5H in the endoplasmic reticulum [ 39 ], SNAT is expressed in chloroplasts [ 39 ], whereas ASMT and COMT are in the cytoplasm [ 74 ]. Among the four possible melatonin biosynthetic pathways reported in Figure 6 , the first and the second pathways result in serotonin synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas the third and fourth in cytoplasmic environment [ 69 ].…”

Section: Biosynthesis Of Melatoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Melatonin and Phytomelatonin: Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Metabolism, Distribution and Bioactivity in Plants and Animals—An Overview

Mannino

Pernici

Serio

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Melatonin is a ubiquitous indolamine, largely investigated for its key role in the regulation of several physiological processes in both animals and plants. In the last century, it was reported that this molecule may be produced in high concentrations by several species belonging to the plant kingdom and stored in specialized tissues. In this review, the main information related to the chemistry of melatonin and its metabolism has been summarized. Furthermore, the biosynthetic pathway characteristics of animal and plant cells have been compared, and the main differences between the two systems highlighted. Additionally, in order to investigate the distribution of this indolamine in the plant kingdom, distribution cluster analysis was performed using a database composed by 47 previously published articles reporting the content of melatonin in different plant families, species and tissues. Finally, the potential pharmacological and biostimulant benefits derived from the administration of exogenous melatonin on animals or plants via the intake of dietary supplements or the application of biostimulant formulation have been largely discussed.

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Section: Biosynthesis Of Melatoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TDC is the enzyme catalyzing the conversion of 5-hidroxytryptophan into serotonin [ 73 ]. It was originally identified in Catharanthus roseus as a soluble cytosolic and homodimeric protein, composed by monomers having molecular weight equal to 54,000 u.m.a.…”

Section: Biosynthesis Of Melatoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin and Phytomelatonin: Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Metabolism, Distribution and Bioactivity in Plants and Animals—An Overview

Mannino

Pernici

Serio

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…These results showed that HaDDC exhibited strict substrate speci city similar to that displayed by drDDC from D. melanogaster [7,15]. According to the results shown in Table 1, HaDDC exhibited a high e ciency on 5-HTP, and the conversion rate was 88.45% at 4 h, which was higher than that of TDC reported previously [6,11]. Therefore, HaDDC from H. axyridis was chosen for converting 5-HTP into 5-HP.…”

Section: Construction Of Chassis Cells For 5-htp Productionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Aromatic amino acid decarboxylases (AAADs) play important roles in the key step of 5-HTP conversion to 5-HT. Previously, tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) was regarded as an enzyme that catalyses non-speci c reactions in L-trp or 5-HTP (prefer to L-trp), with the result that a one-pot cascade reaction cannot be performed and has therefore never been reported [10,11]. Dopa decarboxylase (DDC), another AAAD, is able to convert L-dopa to dopamine [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of Cell Factory Capable of Efficiently Converting L-tryptophan Into 5-hydroxytryptamine

Wang

Chen

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: L-Tryptophan (L-trp) derivatives such as 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), N-Acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine and melatonin are important molecules with pharmaceutical interest. Among, 5-HT is an inhibitory neurotransmitter with proven benefits for treating the symptoms of depression. At present, 5-HT depends on plant extraction and chemical synthesis, which limits its mass production and causes environmental problems. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an efficient, green and sustainable biosynthesis method to produce 5-HT.Results: Here we propose a one-pot production of 5-HT from L-trp via two enzyme cascades for the first time. First, a chassis cell that can convert L-trp into 5-HTP was constructed by heterologous expression of tryptophan hydroxylase from Schistosoma mansoni (SmTPH) and an artificial endogenous BH4 module. Then, dopa decarboxylase from Harminia axyridis (HaDDC), which can specifically catalyse 5-HTP to 5-HT, was used for 5-HT production. The cell factory, E. coli BL21(DE3)△tnaA/BH4/HaDDC-SmTPH, which contains SmTPH and HaDDC, was constructed for 5-HT synthesis. The highest concentration of 5-HT reached 414.5 ± 1.6 mg/L (with conversion rate of 43 mol%) at the optimal conditions (induced temperature, 25℃; IPTG concentration, 0.5 mM; catalysis temperature, 30℃; catalysis time, 72 h). Conclusions: This protocol provided an efficient one-pot method for converting L-trp into 5-HT production, which opens up possibilities for the practical biosynthesis of natural 5-HT at an industrial scale.

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“…Over the last 20 years, molecular approaches have elucidated a full pathway for biosynthesis with several alternate mechanisms (Figure 5). In the primary pathway tryptophan is first converted to tryptamine through a decarboxylation reaction catalyzed by tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC; Zhou et al, 2020). Interestingly, this mechanism may not be conserved through evolution in all plant species since TDC1 is absent from some ecotypes of Arabidopsis and indeed different ecotypes of Arabidopsis have been found to respond differentially to melatonin exposure (Zia et al, 2019).…”

Section: Biosynthesis Of Plant Melatonin Via Multiple Diverse and Redundant Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Melatonin in Plants: An Example of Evolution of Literature

Murch

Erland

2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxy-tryptamine) is a mammalian neurohormone, antioxidant and signaling molecule that was first discovered in plants in 1995. The first studies investigated plant melatonin from a human perspective quantifying melatonin in foods and medicinal plants and questioning whether its presence could explain the activity of some plants as medicines. Starting with these first handful of studies in the late 1990s, plant melatonin research has blossomed into a vibrant and active area of investigation and melatonin has been found to play critical roles in mediating plant responses and development at every stage of the plant life cycle from pollen and embryo development through seed germination, vegetative growth and stress response. Here we have utilized a systematic approach in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) protocols to reduce bias in our assessment of the literature and provide an overview of the current state of melatonin research in plants, covering 1995–2021. This review provides an overview of the biosynthesis and metabolism of melatonin as well as identifying key themes including: abiotic stress responses, root development, light responses, interkingdom communication, phytohormone and plant signaling. Additionally, potential biases in the literature are investigated and a birefringence in the literature between researchers from plant and medical based which has helped to shape the current state of melatonin research. Several exciting new opportunities for future areas of melatonin research are also identified including investigation of non-crop and non-medicinal species as well as characterization of melatonin signaling networks in plants.

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Crystal structure of Oryza sativa TDC reveals the substrate specificity for TDC-mediated melatonin biosynthesis

Cited by 19 publications

References 69 publications

Melatonin and Phytomelatonin: Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Metabolism, Distribution and Bioactivity in Plants and Animals—An Overview

Melatonin and Phytomelatonin: Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Metabolism, Distribution and Bioactivity in Plants and Animals—An Overview

Construction of Cell Factory Capable of Efficiently Converting L-tryptophan Into 5-hydroxytryptamine

A Systematic Review of Melatonin in Plants: An Example of Evolution of Literature

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