Crystal structure dependence of the elastic constants of gold nanorods

Petrova, Hristina; Pérez‐Juste, Jorge; Zhang, Zhenyuan; Zhang, Jing; Kosel, T.H.; Hartland, Gregory V.

doi:10.1039/b607364f

Cited by 105 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, due to the multiscale, FEM-based nature of the SCB model, stiffening and softening at size scales (greater than 30 nm) that are much larger than what is tractable using full-scale atomistic simulations and comparable to what has been studied experimentally have been predicted using the SCB model. It is worth noting that all of while these trends have been observed experimentally [67,224,225,228,229], other experiments have not observed the same sizedependence in elastic properties [226,227,299].…”

Section: Surface Cauchy-born Model: Nanowire Resonatormentioning

confidence: 63%

“…As summarized in Ref. [67], there is a discrepancy not only between different experimental predictions on the elastic modulus of nanowires over various size ranges for both metals [224][225][226][227][228][229][230] and semiconductors [231][232][233][234][235], but also discrepancies between experiment and theory for both metals [236][237][238][239][240][241][242] and semiconductors [231][232][233][234][235].…”

Section: Surface Elasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanomechanical resonators and their applications in biological/chemical detection: Nanomechanics principles

et al. 2011

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Recent advances in nanotechnology have led to the development of nano-electro-mechanical systems (NEMS) such as nanomechanical resonators, which have recently received significant attention from the scientific community. This has not only been for their capability for the label-free detection of bio/chemical-molecules at single-molecule (or atomic) resolution for future applications such as the early diagnostics of diseases such as cancer, but also for their unprecedented ability to detect physical quantities such as molecular weight, elastic stiffness, surface stress, and surface elastic stiffness for adsorbed molecules on the surface. Most experimental works on resonator-based molecular detection have been based on the principle that molecular adsorption onto a resonator surface increases the effective mass, and consequently decreases the resonant frequencies of the nanomechanical resonator. However, this principle is insufficient to provide fundamental insights into resonator-based molecular detection at the nanoscale; this is due to recently proposed novel nanoscale detection principles including various effects such as surface effects, nonlinear oscillations, coupled resonance, and stiffness effects. Furthermore, these effects have only recently been incorporated into existing physical models for resonators, and therefore the universal physical principles governing nanoresonator-based detection have not been completely described. Therefore, our objective in this review is to overview the current attempts to understand the underlying mechanisms in nanoresonator-based detection using physical models coupled to computational simulations and/or experiments. Specifically, we will focus on issues of special relevance to the dynamic behavior of nanoresonators and their applications in biological/chemical detection: the resonance behavior of micro/nano-resonators; resonator-based chemical/biological detection; physical models of various nanoresonators such as nanowires, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. We pay particular attention to experimental and computational approaches that have been useful in elucidating the mechanisms underlying the dynamic behavior of resonators across multiple and disparate spatial/length scales, and the resulting insight into resonator-based detection that has been obtained. We additionally provide extensive discussion regarding potentially fruitful future research directions coupling experiments and simulations in order to develop a fundamental understanding of the basic physical principles that govern NEMS and NEMS-based sensing and detection applications.

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Section: Surface Cauchy-born Model: Nanowire Resonatormentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Surface Elasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomechanical resonators and their applications in biological/chemical detection: Nanomechanics principles

et al. 2011

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“…[7][8][9][10][11] The increased strength in the multitwinned nanorods has been attributed to the twinned structure's ability to hinder dislocation motion and generate work hardening in the material. 1,12 Multitwinned particulates are used as seeds to grow multitwinned nanorods ͑MTRs͒ and have been observed for over half a century starting with their discovery by Ino in 1966. 13 However, the growth mechanisms of MTRs were poorly understood until recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been a few hypotheses for how the MTR system distributes the elastic strain in the nanorod to accommodate for the 7.5°. 12,20 To generate the initial nanorod geometry in our studies, we have chosen to strain the atoms along the x axis, as seen in The relationship between the base of the 35.25°triangle and the 36°triangle is…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metastability of multitwinned Ag nanorods: Molecular dynamics study

2008

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Nanoscale rods have been shown to exhibit a multiple twinned structure. The rods grow along a ͓110͔-type crystallographic direction and have a pentagonal cross section with five ͑111͒ twins connecting the wire center to the corners of the pentagon. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations with an embedded atom method interatomic potential for Ag to compute the ground-state energies of the multitwinned rods and compare with the bulk equilibrium crystal shape, as estimated from a Wulff construction. The excess energy of the nontwinned equilibrium nanorods and the multitwinned nanorods was obtained as a function of the wire length ͑L͒ as well as the cross sectional area ͑A cs ͒. Various contributions to the total energy, such as twin boundary energy and surface energies, are discussed and included in an analytical model that compares favorably with the simulation results. Our results show that for infinitely long nanowires with A cs Ͻ 1500 nm 2 , the nontwinned structure is always energetically favorable. However, if the energy of the dipyramidal atomic structure at the nanorod ends is included in the model then the twinned nanorods are stable with respect to the nontwinned rods below a critical aspect ratio ͑L / ͱ A cs ͒.

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“…Thus, the study of these modes can provide information about the elastic properties of nanoparticles. 25,26 To obtain quantitative information from the vibrational spectroscopy experiments, an expression is needed that relates the measured frequencies to the particle dimensions and elastic constants. For spheres (both homogeneous and core-shell) and rods, analytic expressions are available for the important modes observed in the transient absorption experiments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibrational Response of Au−Ag Nanoboxes and Nanocages to Ultrafast Laser-Induced Heating

Petrova

Lin

et al. 2007

Nano Lett.

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Time-resolved spectroscopy has been used to investigate the vibrational properties of hollow cubic nanoparticles: Au-Ag nanoboxes and nanocages. In these experiments laser-induced heating was used to coherently excite the breathing vibrational modes of the particle. The vibrational periods scale with the edge length of the particle, and the nanocages and nanoboxes showing equivalent responses despite a large difference in their morphology. The measured vibrational periods are compared to finite element calculations, where the particles are modeled as a hollow cube, with the principle crystal axes parallel to the sides of the cube. Very good agreement is obtained between the calculations and the experimental data, with the experimental frequencies being slightly lower than the calculated values (by ∼ 7 %). These results demonstrate the importance of accurately modeling the particles in order to interpret experimental data.Advances in synthetic techniques have made it possible to produce high quality samples of metal and semiconductor nanoparticles in a variety of different shapes, such as rods, 1,2,3 triangles, 4,5 cubes and boxes, 6 and branched structures. 7,8 These particles have unique optical properties, and are finding use in a variety of applications, from molecular sensing 9 to biological labeling 10 and photothermal therapy. 11,12 For metal particles the optical response is dominated by the surface plasmon resonance (SPR), which is a coherent oscillation of the conduction electrons across the particle surface. 13 Recent research has focused on understanding how the position and width of the SPR depends on the size and shape of the particles. 14 In this regard, single particle spectroscopy has been particularly useful. 15,16 These experiments have shown, for example, how radiation damping, 15,17 electron-surface scattering, 17,18 and the "lightning-rod effect" 19 control the width of the plasmon resonance.Time-resolved experiments also provide information about the properties of nanoparticles. For metals, transient absorption experiments conducted on a sub-picosecond timescale give information about electron-electron 20 and electron-phonon coupling. 21 At longer timescales (tens to hundreds of picoseconds) transient absorption measurements give data about how energy relaxes from the particle to the environment. 22,23 This information is important to photothermal therapy, where laser-induced heating of nanoparticles is used to kill selected cells. 11,12 For high quality samples, modulations due to coherently excited vibrational modes To obtain quantitative information from the vibrational spectroscopy experiments, an expression is needed that relates the measured frequencies to the particle dimensions and elastic constants. For spheres (both homogeneous and core-shell) and rods, analytic expressions are available for the important modes observed in the transient absorption experiments. 24,25,26, 27 However, for other shapes the vibrational modes must be calculated numerically. 28 In our recent stud...

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Crystal structure dependence of the elastic constants of gold nanorods

Cited by 105 publications

References 34 publications

Nanomechanical resonators and their applications in biological/chemical detection: Nanomechanics principles

Nanomechanical resonators and their applications in biological/chemical detection: Nanomechanics principles

Metastability of multitwinned Ag nanorods: Molecular dynamics study

Vibrational Response of Au−Ag Nanoboxes and Nanocages to Ultrafast Laser-Induced Heating

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