“…Meanwhile, in the case of an alternating chain (Figure b), the alternation of J 1 also leads to a gapped ground state. The ground state of the chain system is the dimer phase if 0 < J 1 ′/ J 1 < 0.6; when 0.6 < J 1 ′/ J 1 < 1, the ground state could be the Haldane phase for integer spin chains. , Experimentally, several zigzag chains have been realized and studied by using various linking ions or ion groups (e.g., Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , TeO 4 , PO 4 , As 2 O 7 , GeO 4 , and NbO 6 ) for magnetic ions, such as in SrCuO 2 , β-TeVO 4 , KGaCu(PO 4 ) 2 , PbM 2 Ni 6 Te 3 O 18 (M = Mn and Cd), Co 2 (As 2 O 7 )·2H 2 O, Ba 2 Mn(PO 4 ) 2 , Ba 3 M 2 Ge 4 O 14 (M = Mn and Fe), FeNbO 4 , YbCuS 2 , BaTb 2 O 4 , PrTiNbO 6 , and so on. However, theoretically investigated magnetic phases and properties with different sizes of J 1 , J 1 ′, and J 2 are still limited in experiment.…”