Crystal State of 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene (TATB) Undergoing Thermal Cycling Process

Sun, Jie; Kang, Bin; Xue, Chunlai; Yu, Lihua; Yun-xia, Xia; Liu, Xiaofeng; Zhang, Wei

doi:10.1080/07370650903401254

Cited by 53 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Finally, Figure 8b demonstrates agreement between the evolving (001) pole density measured during the experiment and simulations employing our modified March model (thick red curve) using Equations (12) and (7). The material exponent m was used as an empirical free fitting parameter; the plot in Figure 8b depicts model results that employ a value of m = 3.…”

Section: Comparison Of Simulation and Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Using Neutron Diffraction to Investigate Texture Evolution During Consolidation of Deuterated Triaminotrinitrobenzene (d-TATB) Explosive Powder

et al. 2017

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Triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) is a highly anisotropic molecular crystal used in several plastic-bonded explosive (PBX) formulations. A complete understanding of the orientation distribution of TATB particles throughout a PBX charge is required to understand spatially variable, anisotropic macroscale properties of the charge. Although texture of these materials can be measured after they have been subjected to mechanical or thermal loads, measuring texture evolution in situ is important in order to identify mechanisms of crystal deformation and reorientation used to better inform thermomechanical models. Neutron diffraction measurements were used to estimate crystallographic reorientation while deuterated TATB (d-TATB) powder was consolidated into a cylindrical pellet via a uniaxial die-pressing operation at room temperature. Both the final texture of the pressed pellet and the in situ evolution of texture during pressing were measured, showing that the d-TATB grains reorient such that (001) poles become preferentially aligned with the pressing direction. A compaction model is used to predict the evolution of texture in the pellet during the pressing process, finding that the original model overpredicted the texture strength compared to these measurements. The theory was extended to account for initial particle shape and pore space, bringing the results into good agreement with the data.

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Section: Comparison Of Simulation and Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Using Neutron Diffraction to Investigate Texture Evolution During Consolidation of Deuterated Triaminotrinitrobenzene (d-TATB) Explosive Powder

et al. 2017

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“…The exact mechanism responsible for our timeevolvingo bservationsr emains elusive. Other research [12] suggests that TATB crystal fragmentation and repair occurs with thermal cycling, and there is ac hance this pertains to the time-based behavior we have observed.…”

Section: S Ummarymentioning

confidence: 58%

Time‐Evolution of TATB‐Based Irreversible Thermal Expansion (Ratchet Growth)

Thompson

Schwarz

Brown

et al. 2015

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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[a] 1IntroductionMany plastic-bonded explosive(PBX)applications use precision-made componentsw ith requirements of thermal and mechanical integrity throughout the lifetime of the part. This is the basis for av ariety of PBX characterization studies that correlate engineering response with formulationa nd environmental variables, includingt hermal changes associated with storage and aging. TATB, triaminotrinitrobenzene, is an insensitive explosive [1].I nr ecent years, there has been increasing interest in the use of TATB-basedP BX composites due to the safety advantages derived from their insensitive nature.D etails can vary (i.e. with binderp roperties or particle-size distribution), but generally speaking, TATB is ar emarkably safe explosive that detonates only in the presenceo ft riggering shocks in appropriately-engineered configurations.I nadvertent detonation is extremely unlikely.TATB crystals are sheet-like and graphitic in nature.K olb and Rizzo measured highly anisotropic coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) values for TATB single crystals [2]. They also showedt he effects of different binders on the thermal properties of TATB-basedc omposites [3].F or decades since, various observations have beenm ade [4][5][6][7] showing that solid pressings of TATB, with and without binder,c an possess highly anisotropic CTE and irreversible expansion( ratchet growth).C unningham [ 4] and Cady [5] measured anisotropic CTE in specimens removed from larger PBX pressings, providing strong evidence that the compactionp rocess induces preferred TATB orientation. The cause of these observationsw as confirmed by Schwarz et al.[6] using transmission X-raya nalysis, where the preferred orientation of TATB crystals in pressed PBX 9502 (95 wt-% TATB) charges was quantified and correlated directly with the observed anisotropy in the PBX 9502 CTE. Schwarz also proposedamodelf or how compactionm ethods and geometry are responsible for the direction and magnitude of TATB texture. The quantified TATB texture has similarlyb een correlated with anisotropy in ratchet growth magnitudes [7].Observations and models of ratchet growth [8-10] have typicallyi nvolved the iterative applicationo ft hermal excursions while monitoring the irreversibleg rowth, usually as Abstract:T ATBi sa ni nsensitive high explosive, attractive for use because of its safety aspects. TATB compactions, with or without binder,u ndergoi rreversible volumee xpansion (or ratchet growth)u pon thermal cycling. In the past, experimental elucidation of this phenomenon has focused on irreversiblee xpansion as af unction of the number of thermal excursions over ag iven temperature range, where growth is asymptotic with increasing cycle number.I nt his paper,w ed emonstrate that ratchet growth also occurs as af unction of time at constant temperature, and that growth is substantial at elevated temperatures. We have measured strain response in PBX 9502, aT ATB-based composite, by performing thermal-cycling tests with different durations at high temperature. Irreversible...

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“…28 The differences must result from different thermal expansion coefficient and different crystal structures. On one hand, the thermal expansion coefficient of TATB crystal along the c-axis is 6 times as much as that of crystalline graphite, 12 and consequently TATB crystals undergo higher micro-strain during thermal treatment. On the other hand, TATB crystals are composed with small TATB molecules, which are connected by intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions, and can be easily broken by micro-strain under thermal treatment, while graphite crystals are overlapped with infinite-extended big graphite molecules, comprise with covalent bonded carbon atoms, which can hardly be broken by micro-strain.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When TATB crystals are compacted into cylinders, the micro-strain makes all crystals stable on their balance position. 17 With a high CTE, 12 TATB crystals will expand to larger dimension during heating process. However, many crystals have been compacted into one cylinder, and the expansion of one crystal will be constrained by the adjacent crystals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of crystal quality and preferred orientation on the irreversible growth of compact TATB cylindrical explosives

Zhang

et al. 2013

AIP Advances

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Three kinds of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) cylinders compacted with TATB raw materials, recrystallized near-spherical and platy TATB crystals are compared to investigate the effects of crystal quality and preferred orientation on their irreversible growth. The results show that the higher the crystal quality, the lower the irreversible volume growth. The compacted cylinders of raw material TATB, with the poorest crystal quality, possess more irreversible growth than those with recrystallized high quality TATB crystals. Irreversible growth of TATB cylinders are also affected by crystal preferred orientation. With the same crystal quality, crystal preferred orientation leads to anisotropic irreversible dimension growth, but has no effect on the volume expansion of TATB cylinders. By changing the crystal quality and preferred orientation, the deformation problem of TATB-based PBX explosives may be restricted. C 2013 Author(s)

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Crystal State of 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene (TATB) Undergoing Thermal Cycling Process

Cited by 53 publications

References 13 publications

Using Neutron Diffraction to Investigate Texture Evolution During Consolidation of Deuterated Triaminotrinitrobenzene (d-TATB) Explosive Powder

Using Neutron Diffraction to Investigate Texture Evolution During Consolidation of Deuterated Triaminotrinitrobenzene (d-TATB) Explosive Powder

Time‐Evolution of TATB‐Based Irreversible Thermal Expansion (Ratchet Growth)

Effects of crystal quality and preferred orientation on the irreversible growth of compact TATB cylindrical explosives

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