Crystal size distribution (CSD) in rocks and the kinetics and dynamics of crystallization

Marsh, Bruce D.

doi:10.1007/bf00375362

Cited by 624 publications

(439 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…As proposed by Marsh (1988), average crystal residence time is calculated by employing the equation:…”

Section: Csd Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CSD deals with the size distribution of crystal populations as a function of the number of crystals in a measured volume and the amount of crystals within a series of defined size intervals (Marsh 1988). Stereology techniques that produce CSD data consist of a body of methods for the exploration of three-dimensional space, when only two-dimensional sections through solid bodies or projections on a surface are available (Underwood 1973).…”

Section: Theory Of Csdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cashman & Marsh (1988) showed that the shape of the CSD curves could be related to various magmatic processes such as crystal fractionation and accumulation, magma mixing and coarsening. In this study, the program CSDcorrections 1.4.0. was used to produce CSD curves, which convert 2-dimensional intersectional data (length and width) to true 3-dimensional crystal size distributions by incorporating corrections for the intersection probability and cut-section effects.…”

Section: Theory Of Csdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the routine textural investigation on igneous rocks deals with the description of crystal shapes, the relationship of components with each other and the relative size of crystals, all of which are often reported as qualitative data (Seasman 2000;Higgins 2000;Innocenti et al 2013). To investigate three-dimensional state of grains, Randolph & Larson (1971) proposed the Crystal Size Distribution (CSD) theory for synthetic solids, which was later developed by Marsh (1988) and applied to magmatic systems and the resultant igneous rocks. By using CSD theory, valuable information on the ratio and density of nucleation, crystallization degree, growth rate and magma cooling process can be achieved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some noteworthy studies on the application of CSD to terrestrial rocks such as crystal shapes and defining new models to simulate solidification of magma were done in the 1990s (e.g. Marsh 1988;Armienti et al 1991;Cashman 1993;Higgins 1994;Sahagian & Proussevitch 1998). In most of CSD Crystal size and shape distribution systematics of plagioclase and the determination of crystal residence times in the micromonzogabbros of Qisir Dagh, SE of Sabalan volcano (NW Iran) studies on igneous rocks, measurements have been focused on plagioclase, because it is the most frequent mineral in igneous rocks, is stable in a wide spectrum of magmatic conditions, and can record physico-chemical fluctuations within a magma chamber (Gagnevin et al 2007;Ruprecht & Wörner 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crystal size and shape distribution systematics of plagioclase and the determination of crystal residence times in the micromonzogabbros of Qisir Dagh, SE of Sabalan volcano (NW Iran)

Pourkhorsandi¹,

Mirnejad²,

Raiesi³

et al. 2015

Geologica Carpathica

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Abstract:The Qisir Dagh igneous complex occurs as a combination of volcanic and intrusive rocks to the south-east of the Sabalan volcano, north-western Iran. Micromonzogabbroic rocks in the region consist of plagioclase, alkaline feldspar and clinopyroxene as the major mineral phases and orthopyroxene, olivine, apatite and opaque minerals as the accessory minerals. Microgranular and microporphyritic textures are well developed in these rocks. Considering the importance of plagioclase in reconstructing magma cooling processes, the size and shape distribution and chemical composition of this mineral were investigated. Based on microscopic studies, it is shown that the 2-dimensional size average of plagioclase in the micromonzogabbros is 538 micrometers and its 3-dimensional shape varies between tabular to prolate. Crystal size distribution diagrams point to the presence of at least two populations of plagioclase, indicating the occurrence of magma mixing and/or fractional crystallization during magma cooling. The chemical composition of plagioclase shows a wide variation in abundances of Anorthite-Albite-Orthoclase (An = 0.31-64.58, Ab =29.26-72.13, Or = 0.9-66.97), suggesting a complex process during the crystal growth. This is also supported by the formation of antiperthite lamellae, which formed as the result of alkali feldspar exsolution in plagioclase. The calculated residence time of magma in Qisir Dagh, based on 3D crystal size distribution data, and using growth rate G = 10 -10 mm/s, varies between 457 and 685 years, which indicates a shallow depth (near surface) magma crystallization and subvolcanic nature of the studied samples.

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“…As proposed by Marsh (1988), average crystal residence time is calculated by employing the equation:…”

Section: Csd Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theory Of Csdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theory Of Csdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Crystal size and shape distribution systematics of plagioclase and the determination of crystal residence times in the micromonzogabbros of Qisir Dagh, SE of Sabalan volcano (NW Iran)

Pourkhorsandi¹,

Mirnejad²,

Raiesi³

et al. 2015

Geologica Carpathica

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Effects of crystal shape‐ and size‐modality on magma rheology

Moitra

Gonnermann

2015

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Erupting magma often contains crystals over a wide range of sizes and shapes, potentially affecting magma viscosity over many orders of magnitude. A robust relation between viscosity and the modality of crystal sizes and shapes remains lacking, principally because of the dimensional complexity and size of the governing parameter space. We have performed a suite of shear viscosity measurements on liquid-particle suspensions of dynamical similarity to crystal-bearing magma. Our experiments encompass five suspension types, each consisting of unique mixtures of two different particle sizes and shapes. The experiments span two orthogonal subspaces of particle concentration, as well as particle size and shape for each suspension type, thereby providing insight into the topology of parameter space. For each suspension type, we determined the dry maximum packing fraction and measured shear rates across a range of applied shear stresses. The results were fitted using a Herschel-Bulkley model and augment existing predictive capabilities. We demonstrate that our results are consistent with previous work, including friction-based constitutive laws for granular materials. We conclude that predictions for ascent rates of crystal-rich magmas must take the shear-rate dependence of viscosity into account. Shear-rate dependence depends first and foremost on the volume fraction of crystals, relative to the maximum packing fraction, which in turn depends on crystal size and shape distribution.

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Crystallization kinetics of rhyolitic melts using oxygen isotope ratios

Befus

2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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Crystals provide the means to understand igneous systems, but natural constraints on crystallization kinetics are rare because thermal conditions and crystallization timescales are typically unknown. Oxygen isotope ratios in quartz and alkali feldspar crystals in spherulites provide a natural record of the temperature interval of crystallization and crystal growth rates in rhyolitic melts. Oxygen isotope compositions in both phases change progressively with position from the spherulite core to rim. Quartz δ18O increases from 5.0 ± 0.3‰ in the core to 5.6 ± 0.3‰ at the rims, whereas alkali feldspar decreases from 3.7 ± 0.4‰ in the core to 2.7 ± 0.9‰ at the rims. Fractionation therefore increases from 1.3 ± 0.7‰ in the cores to 2.9 ± 1.1‰ at the rims. Oxygen isotope thermometry tracks crystallization temperature with position. Spherulites nucleate at 578 ± 160°C and continue to grow until 301 ± 88°C. The in situ analyses demonstrate that spherulites self‐contain a record of their thermal history and that of the host lava.

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Crystal size distribution (CSD) in rocks and the kinetics and dynamics of crystallization

Cited by 624 publications

References 26 publications

Crystal size and shape distribution systematics of plagioclase and the determination of crystal residence times in the micromonzogabbros of Qisir Dagh, SE of Sabalan volcano (NW Iran)

Crystal size and shape distribution systematics of plagioclase and the determination of crystal residence times in the micromonzogabbros of Qisir Dagh, SE of Sabalan volcano (NW Iran)

Effects of crystal shape‐ and size‐modality on magma rheology

Crystallization kinetics of rhyolitic melts using oxygen isotope ratios

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