Crystal methamphetamine use and its correlates in women engaged in sex work in a developing country setting

Drug use patterns and associated factors among female sex workers in Iran

“…As a part of the second national bio-behavioral survey of FSW in Iran, 1,347 FSW from 13 large cities representing different geographical regions across Iran were recruited from January to August of 2015. More details about the study are described elsewhere (Shokoohi, et al, 2018;. Briefly, participants were recruited from public street location through peer efforts as well as health facilities providing harm reduction services (e.g., free condoms, HIV testing and counseling, and substance use treatment) to vulnerable women including FSW (Fahimfar, Sedaghat, Hatami, Kamali, & Gooya, 2013).…”

“…The term 'poly-drug use' refers to the use of more than one illicit drugs over a specified period either simultaneously or sequentially; however, it is not limited to only illicit drugs; that is, prescription drugs such as opioids can be also considered in this definition (Connor, Gullo, White, & Kelly, 2014). (Shokoohi, et al, 2018;, we explored factors associated with the study outcomes through the perspective of the social-ecological model. This paper relied on the core indicators that are collected in the bio-behavioral surveillance surveys to measure the effectiveness of the national HIV response among key affected populations, including FSW.…”

“…Although Iran has the highest number of heroin and opium user per capita worldwide (UNODC., 2011), our understanding of drug use patterns among FSW remains limited. Previous studies have estimated that 14.6% of FSW have ever injected drugs in their lifetime and 15.0% have reported crystal methamphetamine use (Shokoohi, et al, 2018). Other studies of FSW are often limited by small sample size (100 or less) (Nasirian, et al, 2017) and recruitment sites limited to a single city (e.g., Tehran (Moayedi-Nia, et al, 2016), Shiraz (Kazerooni, et al, 2014), Isfahan (Nasirian, et al, 2017)).…”

Alteraciones neuropsicológicas asociadas al consumo de la Dextro-metil-anfetamina en adolescentes mexicanos

“…El núcleo accumbens tiene, de igual manera, conexiones con la corteza cerebral y con el sistema límbico, por vía de sus receptores de dopamina, serotonina y glutamato. Estas aferencias y eferencias estructurales son responsables del funcionamiento y las alteraciones de las funciones ejecutivas, por un lado, porque se encargan de la información aferente hacia el tálamo y núcleo accumbens, y por otro lado, por sus relaciones con los ganglios basales, la sustancia negra y la corteza motora del lóbulo frontal, que en su conjunto activan el ámbito motriz al momento que sea necesaria la realización de acciones con un contenido emocional dirigidas a lograr una meta específica (Lu et al, 2017;Shokoohi et al, 2018).…”

“…Los demás componentes, por lo general, son productos bastante corrosivos y tóxicos, que se mezclan de diferentes maneras, formando componentes activos similares, pero no iguales. Su absorción se realiza por vía del tracto gastrointestinal y, dependiendo de su estado, puede llevar entre tres y seis horas tras su ingestión; su vida media en el organismo es entre nueve y 12 horas y se excreta casi en su totalidad por vía urinaria (Shokoohi et al, 2018;Wu et al, 2018).…”