Crystal-Meth als Herausforderung für das Suchthilfesystem – Klinische Empfehlungen

Härtel-Petri, Roland

doi:10.1055/s-0035-1559657

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Another important factor is nutritional effects on cognition after MA consumption. As previously reported, an effect of MA is lack of appetite [8], which can lead to malnutrition if consumers stop eating regularly. This can also be a major reason for side effects including cognitive dysfunction [84].…”

Section: Effects On Human Brain Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The stimulant effect of classical amphetamines has been known for decades. Amphetamines are mainly consumed by inhaling them in powder form, but it is also possible to inject them intravenously as a liquid, swallow the crystals, and inhale the smoke that results from heating the powder [8]. The onset of action is faster with MA than with other amphetamines, and the effects are more intense.…”

Section: Effects On Human Brain Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MA-dependent people consume an average of 50 mg to 1.5 g chronically, mostly per day (i. e., much more than the low doses used therapeutically) [2,8,13]. At such high doses, consumption of MA is followed by reduced risk-or self-assessment, for example.…”

Section: Addiction Neurotoxicity and Effects On Cognition And Execumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects depend on the amount consumed and include hypertension, tachycardia, hyperthermia, in-creased respiration rate, increased libido, euphoria, narrowing of the blood vessels, hypervigilance, and a subjective impression of increased mental capacity and productivity [6,7]. Furthermore, people may experience a lack of appetite and insomnia that can last up to 1 week [8]. Compared with other stimulant drugs with the same effect, MA has a very long half-life of about 8-13 h and a long duration of action in the brain [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive Deficits in Methamphetamine Users: How Strong is The Evidence?

et al. 2018

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Methamphetamine use has spread in many European countries and the United States. The current review provides a summary and critical analysis of research on cognitive deficits associated with methamphetamine, also known as "crystal meth." The literature search performed for this review led us to the hypothesis that methamphetamine use is associated with persistent changes in brain metabolism that result in various impairments, such as deficits in memory, attention, and concentration. The dopaminergic system in particular seems to be affected. Some studies indicate that cognitive impairments may improve when users become abstinent, but results of other studies are conflicting. This review discusses these findings and the consequences for the development of a specific addiction treatment for methamphetamine.

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Section: Effects On Human Brain Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Effects On Human Brain Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Addiction Neurotoxicity and Effects On Cognition And Execumentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive Deficits in Methamphetamine Users: How Strong is The Evidence?

et al. 2018

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“…Die Gefahren durch amphetaminartige Substanzen (ATS), insbesondere durch Methamphetamin, sind schwerwiegend, gehen mit ihrem hohen Abhängigkeitspotential doch vermehrt kardiovaskuläre und zerebrovaskuläre Erkrankungen, Infektionskrankheiten, Abszesse, Zahnschäden sowie kognitive Beeinträchtigungen, Depression und Psychosen [1][2][3][4] einher. Um diesen Begleiterkrankungen vorzubeugen, aber auch um der wachsenden Nachfrage der Betroffenen nach therapeutischen Maßnahmen [4,5] Rechnung zu tragen, gilt es, geeignete Präventions-und Interventionsmaßnahmen zu entwickeln. Der S3-Leitlinie Methamphetamin-bezogene Störungen [4] zufolge liegen klinische Wirksamkeitsstudien zu psychotherapeutischen Interventionsmethoden in der qualifizierten Entzugsbehandlung sowie der Postakutbehandlung vor und umfassen unter anderem Psychoedukation, motivierende Gesprächsführung, Motivationsförderung, Kontingenzmanagement und Akzeptanz-und Commitment-Therapie (ACT).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Erhebung der Motive für den Konsum amphetaminartiger Substanzen anhand von Mind Maps

Thurn

Wolstein

2019

Suchttherapie

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ZusammenfassungMapping-Techniken werden in der Lernforschung vielfältig eingesetzt, ihre Verwendung im klinischen Bereich ist jedoch weitgehend unerforscht. Ziel dieser Studie war es daher zu untersuchen, ob sich Mind Maps für die Erhebung von Motiven zum Konsum amphetaminartiger Substanzen einsetzen und sich diese den 4 gängigen Dimensionen Verstärkungs-, soziale, Bewältigungs- und Konformitätsmotive der Konsummotivforschung zuordnen lassen. Weiterhin wurde die Motivverteilung bezogen auf den Konsumzeitraum (im ersten vs. letzten Monat des Konsums) und auf Subgruppenunterschiede analysiert. Deskriptive Analysen der Mind Maps gaben Aufschluss über besonders häufig genannte Konsummotive. Methodik Anhand der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse wurde ein auf den 4 Motivdimensionen basierendes Kategoriensystem entwickelt. Sechs unabhängige Rater ordneten 96 Patienten-Datensätze mit mehr als 1000 Konsumgründen in das Kategoriensystem ein. Es wurden unabhängige t-Tests zur Berechnung der Mittelwertsunterschiede in den Motivdimensionen nach Geschlecht und Alter durchgeführt. Ergebnisse Die Analysen ergaben eine sehr gute Interraterreliabilität von 0,87. Zu Beginn des Konsums sind insbesondere Verstärkungsmotive (v. a. Neugierde/Interesse/Reiz, Spaß/Kick/Rausch usw.), im letzten Monat des Konsums insbesondere Bewältigungsmotive (v. a. Verdrängung, Leistungssteigerung usw.) handlungsleitend. Weiterhin überwogen bei Frauen zu Beginn ihres Konsums Konformitätsmotive. Schlussfolgerung Mind Maps ermöglichen eine reliable und valide Erhebung individueller Konsummotive und damit eine motivbasierte Auswahl der Interventionsstrategien.

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Effects of stimulant drug use on the dopaminergic system: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vivo neuroimaging studies

Proebstl

Kamp

Manz³

et al. 2019

Eur. psychiatr.

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Background:Stimulant drugs can cause persistent changes in the brain. Imaging studies show that these changes are most apparent in dopamine transporter (DAT) or receptor availability within the striatum.Methods:This work focuses on influences of stimulant use on dopaminergic function assessed using nuclear-medicine imaging (PET/SPECT). Included are 39 studies on 655 cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine or nicotine users, as well as 690 healthy controls. Metaanalyses were conducted separately for D2/D3 receptors and dopamine transporters of the entire striatum, its subregions caudate and putamen respectively.Results:Meta-analyses results regarding nicotine did not show significant effects between smokers and nonsmokers. In cocaine users there was a significant decrease in dopamine receptor availability in all regions. The striatal DAT availability was significantly increased in cocaine users. Methamphetamine users showed a significantly decreased dopamine receptor and transporter density in all regions. Significant results also indicate a lower transporter availability in all regions. Amphetamine users showed reduced DAT availability in the striatum, as well as in the sub regions.Conclusion:This meta-analysis provides evidence that there are ongoing changes in the dopaminergic system associated with the use of stimulants. Especially the results of cocaine, methamphetamine and amphetamine use mainly showed a downregulation. In addition, this meta-analysis is the first to include nicotine. This subset of studies showed evidence for a decreased receptor and DAT availability but no significant results were found in the metaanalyses.

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Crystal-Meth als Herausforderung für das Suchthilfesystem – Klinische Empfehlungen

Cited by 6 publications

References 48 publications

Cognitive Deficits in Methamphetamine Users: How Strong is The Evidence?

Cognitive Deficits in Methamphetamine Users: How Strong is The Evidence?

Erhebung der Motive für den Konsum amphetaminartiger Substanzen anhand von Mind Maps

Effects of stimulant drug use on the dopaminergic system: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vivo neuroimaging studies

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