Crystal-Growth Poisoning of n-Paraffin Wax By Polymeric Additives and its Relevance to Polymer Crystallization Mechanisms

Holder, G. A.; Winkler, J.

doi:10.1038/207719a0

Cited by 82 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…According to the crystallization conditions (temperature, nature of the solvent, purity of the products) a given paraffin crystallizes in different polymorphic structures (Holder & Winckler, 1965;Smith, 1953). For this reason we describe exactly the experimental conditions.…”

Section: Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Polytypic structures of n-C28H58 (octacosane) and n-C36H74 (hexatriacontane)

Boistelle¹,

Simon²,

Pèpe³

1976

Acta Crystallogr Sect B

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Octacosane (C28H58) and hexatriacontane (C36H74) obtained by crystallization at room temperature from light petroleum solutions are polytypic modifications of the monoclinic structures. Their structure is a stacking of alternate monoclinic layers, related one to the other by a twofold axis perpendicular to the (001) plane. Space group Pbca, Z= 4. Cell parameters a= 7.42, b= 5-59, e= 66.50 or 84.50 ,~ for C28Hs8 and C36H74 respectively. The paraffinic chains are regular with C-C and C-H mean distances of 1.526 and 1 "00 •. The mean C-C-C angle is 113.9 °. Thermal motion is anisotropic, weak in the direction of the chain. Lateral contacts between chains are the same in this structure as in the monoclinic structure.

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Section: Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Polytypic structures of n-C28H58 (octacosane) and n-C36H74 (hexatriacontane)

Boistelle¹,

Simon²,

Pèpe³

1976

Acta Crystallogr Sect B

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“…Paraffin inhibitor, alternatively known as wax crystal modifier, can reduce the growth of the paraffin crystal or lead to form smaller crystals of a higher volume to surface ratio. Besides, from the view of morphology, the paraffin inhibitors can modify the size and shape of paraffin crystals and inhibit the formation of large wax crystal lattices (Holder et al, 1965;Jafari et al, 2008;Price et al, 1971). So the morphology of paraffin crystal in PAA1 treated simulated crude oil was investigated in the following work, and a control experiment was carried out under the same condition.…”

Section: Paraffin Crystal Morphology Studymentioning

confidence: 97%

Synthesis of new flow improvers from canola oil and application to waxy crude oil

Chen

Bai

Zhang

et al. 2016

Petroleum Science and Technology

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KEYWORDSCanola oil; flow improver; paraffin inhibition; polyamine amide; waxy crude oil ABSTRACT Several techniques are employed to mitigate the problems associated with the crystallization of paraffin during the production and/or transportation of waxy crude oil. One of these techniques is the addition of chemicals that depress the pour point of the oil and inhibit the formation of paraffin crystals. In this work, the chemicals, polyamine amide (PAA), are prepared by aminolysis and polycondensation from canola oil and polyamine as substrates. Nitrogen atoms are fixed in the main chain of the polymers to modify the polarity. The effectiveness of the PAAs on four crude oil was tested as pour point depressants as well as paraffin inhibiters. The highest pour point reduction depression was achieved as 12.6°C. Differential scanning calorimetry and paraffin crystal morphology studies were conducted on simulated crude oil to elucidate the mechanism of pour point reduction.

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“…These compounds are particularly important in the petroleum industry, where short hydrocarbon chains comprise the bulk of fuel products, and longer chains are often undesirable due to their ability to precipitate from solution to form a weak crystalline network that greatly increases fuel viscosity [1,2]. Longer chains are also a major component of paraffin waxes, and can be thought of as the shortchain limit of polyethylene, the simplest of all polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%