Crystal growth and characterization of (CBN) in the composition range of

Phase equilibria, crystal growth and characterization of the novel ferroelectric tungsten bronzes (CBN) and (CSBN)

“…Further details of the calibration process are given in Ref. [9]. In each case the errors in the determination of the composition were smaller than 1% RSD for the Nb content, 2% RSD for the Ba content, 3% RSD for the Sr content and 11% RSD for the Ca content.…”

“…Data with respect to employed chemicals and details of the synthesis and growth procedures were described previously [9]. The crystal diameter and length were in the range of 10215 mm and about 80 mm, respectively.…”

“…4mm and shows exciting dielectric and electro-optic properties [1][2][3]. For several years attempts were made to grow and investigate single crystals of the analogous calcium compound Ca x Ba 1Àx Nb 2 O 6 (calcium barium niobate, CBN) [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. This is also stimulated by about 200 C higher Curie temperature in Ca 0:28 Ba 0:72 Nb 2 O 6 (CBN-28) compared to Sr 0:61 Ba 0:39 Nb 2 O 6 (SBN-61), both crystals grown at the congruent melting composition.…”

“…The first investigations were focused on the composition x Ca ¼ 0:28. Recently, crystal growth by the Czochralski method was successful for extended Ca [9]. This paper describes the determination of the complete quasi-binary phase diagram BaNb 2 O 6 2CaNb 2 O 6 by thermal analysis (DTA) and the retrograde solubility boundary of the CBN existence region using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) method on sintered and annealed samples.…”

Precession Electron Diffraction Studies of SrxBa1-xNb2O6 and CaxBa1-xNb2O6 Single Crystals

“…The crystals of ferroelectric niobates with an open tetragonal tungsten bronze structure such as strontium barium niobate Sr x Ba 1−x Nb 2 O 6 (SBN) and calcium barium niobate Ca x Ba 1−x Nb 2 O 6 (CBN) are technologically important due to their pyroelectric, dielectric, and photorefractive properties [1,2]. SBN (CBN) shows a crossover from normal to relaxor ferroelectric behavior with increasing Sr (Ca) content because of the enhancement of random fields mostly originating from the missing charges at A (i.e.…”