Crystal field analysis of Dy and Tm implanted silicon for photonic and quantum technologies

Abstract

Abstract:We report the lattice site and symmetry of optically active Dy 3+ and Tm 3+ implanted Si. Local symmetry was determined by fitting crystal field parameters (CFPs), corresponding to various common symmetries, to the ground state splitting determined by photoluminescence measurements. These CFP values were then used to calculate the splitting of every J manifold. We find that both Dy and Tm ions are in a Si substitution site with local tetragonal symmetry. Knowledge of rare-earth ion symmetry is important in maximising the number of optically active centres and for quantum technology applications where local symmetry can be used to control decoherence. 3854-3856 (1996). 14. J. D. Carey, R. C. Barklie, J. F. Donegan, F. Priolo, G. Franzo, and S. Coffa, "Electron paramagnetic resonance and photoluminescence study of Er-impurity complexes in Si," Phys. Rev. B 59(4), 2773-2782 (1999 391-406 (1966). 24. R. M. Macfarlane, "Photon-echo measurements on the trivalent thulium ion," Opt. Lett. 18(22), 1958-1960 (1993). 25. J. B. Gruber, B. Zandi, and L. Merkle, "Crystal-field splitting of energy levels of rare-earth ions Dy 3+ (4f 9 ) and Yb 3+ (4f 13 ) in M(II) sites in the fluorapatite crystal Sr 5 (PO 4 ) 3 F," J. Appl. Phys. 83, 1009-1017 (1998). 26. U. Walter, "Treating crystal field parameters in lower than cubic symmetries," J. Phys. Chem. Solids 45(4), 401-408 (1984). 27. M. Lourenço, R. Gwilliam, and K. Homewood, "Eye-safe 2 μm luminescence from thulium-doped silicon," Opt. 699-762 (1989). 37. J. J. Baldoví, S. Cardona-Serra, J. M. Clemente-Juan, E. Coronado, A. Gaita-Ariño, and A. Palii, "SIMPRE: A software package to calculate crystal field parameters, energy levels, and magnetic properties on mononuclear lanthanoid complexes based on charge distributions," J. Comput. Chem. 34(22), 1961-1967 (2013). 38. J. J. Baldoví, J. M. Clemente-Juan, E. Coronado, A. Gaita-Ariño, and A. Palii, "An updated version of the computational package SIMPRE that uses the standard conventions for Stevens crystal field parameters," J.

Silicon‐Modified Rare‐Earth Transitions—A New Route to Near‐ and Mid‐IR Photonics

“…[ 14 ] and the program SPECTRA developed at Argonne National Laboratory and available at http://chmwls. chm.anl.gov/downloads/index.html.…”

“…Crystal Field Analysis : Crystal fi eld analysis was carried out using both our method described in ref. [ 14 ] and the program SPECTRA developed at Argonne National Laboratory and available at http://chmwls. chm.anl.gov/downloads/index.html.…”

“…[ 14 ] Here, in addition to Eu, Yb, and Ce, a crystal fi eld analysis of Ho was also performed for completeness. Crystal fi eld parameters (CFPs) are structural factors which represent the symmetry of the RE's environment.…”

“…We have previously carried out a detailed crystal fi eld analysis in silicon of two "classical" REs, i.e., REs that show only the expected internal transitions, Dy and Tm, and used a point charge model to determine that the REs sit in a substitutional, rather than an interstitial Si site. [ 14 ] Here, in addition to Eu, Yb, and Ce, a crystal fi eld analysis of Ho was also performed for completeness. Crystal fi eld parameters (CFPs) are structural factors which represent the symmetry of the RE's environment.…”

“…[ 13 ] REs elements in silicon have long been considered promising for optical sources, and more recently for quantum technologies. [ 14 ] The partially fi lled inner 4 f -shell gives sharp internal transitions highly insensitive to crystal host and temperature and many of the transitions have intrinsic gain and support lasing. However, because the transitions are internal to the RE they have not been seen so far as a particularly promising route to photodetectors.…”