C 2 H 2 /CO 2 separation is an industrially important process that remains challenging because of the similar physicochemical properties of C 2 H 2 and CO 2. We herein report that the new square lattice (sql) coordination network [Cu (bipy-xylene) 2 (NO 3) 2 ] n , sql-16-Cu-NO 3 , 16 = bipy-xylene = 4,4′-(2,5-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene)dipyridine, exists in at least three forms, as-synthesised (α), activated (α′) and hydrated (β). The activated phase, sql-16-Cu-NO 3-α′, is an ultramicroporous material that exhibits high selectivity towards C 2 H 2 over CO 2 as revealed by dynamic gas breakthrough experiments (1:1, C 2 H 2 /CO 2) that afforded 99.87% pure CO 2 in the effluent stream. The separation selectivity at 298 K and 1 bar, 78, is the third best value yet reported for C 2 H 2 selective physisorbents whereas the mid-loading performance sets a new benchmark. The performance of sql-16-Cu-NO 3-α′ is attributed to a new type of C 2 H 2 binding site in which CH•••ONO 2 interactions enable moderately strong sorbent-sorbate binding (Q st (C 2 H 2) = 38.6 kJ/mol) at low loading. Conversely, weak CO 2 binding (Q st (CO 2) = 25.6 kJ/mol) at low loading means that (ΔQ st) AC [Q st (C 2 H 2)-Q st (CO 2)] is 13 kJ/mol at low coverage and 11.4 kJ/mol at mid-loading. Analysis of in situ powder X-ray diffraction and modelling experiments provide insight into the sorption properties and high C 2 H 2 /CO 2 separation performance of sql-16-Cu-NO 3-α′.