Cryptosporidium: The analytical challenge

Smith, Marjorie M.; Thompson, Kenneth S.; Smith, H. V.; Ronald, Allan

doi:10.1039/9781847550668-00001

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…1998). These data suggest that, at 25°C, as oocyst wall permeability increases (Smith and Ronald 2002), ammonia (initial concentrations of 5 and 50 mg l −1 ) is capable of permeating the oocyst wall, inactivating the sporozoites and possibly the mechanisms involved in excystation (Smith et al. 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of various environmental factors on the viability of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts

2008

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Aims: To evaluate individual and combined effects of temperature (4, 18 and 25°C), pH (7 and 10), ammonia (5 and 50 mg l−1) and exposure time (1, 2, 4 and 6 days) on the viability of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in water. Methods and Results: The viability of oocysts was evaluated using the fluorogenic vital dyes assay (4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole and propidium iodide). All the factors analysed (temperature, pH, ammonia and exposure time) and their interaction were statistically significant (P < 0·005). Exposure of oocysts to pH 10 for 6 days at 25°C reduced oocyst viability from ∼80% to 51%. Similarly, the exposure of C. parvum oocysts to 5 mg NH3 l−1 and 50 mg NH3 l−1 for 4 days reduced their viability from between ∼80% to 41·5% and 14·8%, respectively. Conclusions: The interaction between pH, temperature and exposure time may have adverse effects on the survival of C. parvum oocysts in water. Low concentrations of ammonia, as commonly found in alga‐based wastewater systems, over a long period of time can produce high C. parvum oocyst inactivation rates. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study provides relevant data on the inactivation of C. parvum oocysts in alga‐based wastewater‐treatment systems in the northwest of Spain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of various environmental factors on the viability of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts

2008

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“…3 The case of Cryptosporidium parvum, an oocyst forming protozoan parasite species (henceforth called C. parvum oocysts) illustrates this problem. 4,5 Ingestion of C. parvum oocysts, which are not deactivated by the standard chlorine treatments, 6 leads to Cryptosporidiosis, 7 which is estimated to be responsible for about 50% of the waterborne diseases attributed to parasites worldwide. 8 On one hand, there is a need to sensitively quantify alterations to the oocyst by disinfectants, since as few as ten viable oocysts of the $billion oocysts shed by a host during an infection episode, 9 are sufficient to cause a new infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative dielectrophoretic tracking for characterization and separation of persistent subpopulations of Cryptosporidium parvum

Tsegaye

Varhue

et al. 2014

Analyst

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“…Waterborne pathogens such as Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia that exist in rivers and lakes can cause intestinal illnesses. Infections by these parasites can cause acute gastrointestinal symptoms in normally healthy people, and can lead to life-threatening conditions in individuals with impaired immune systems, such as patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome [160,161]. Filtration-based methods have been used widely for isolation and recovery of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia (oo)cysts over the past decades [17,160].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infections by these parasites can cause acute gastrointestinal symptoms in normally healthy people, and can lead to life-threatening conditions in individuals with impaired immune systems, such as patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome [160,161]. Filtration-based methods have been used widely for isolation and recovery of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia (oo)cysts over the past decades [17,160]. Many membrane-filtration techniques have been developed and employed to quantify the presence of these parasites in surface and treated water samples, including polycarbonate track-etched membrane filters [162], compressed-foam depth filters [163], and yarn-wound cartridge filters [164].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and characterization of micro/nano filter for isolation of waterborne pathogens

Warkiani¹

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Water plays a central role in our lives, and access to safe and clean water is essential for each person. Water destined for human and industrial use is required to be quality tested for a wide variety of contaminants, including potentially harmful microorganisms. Lifethreatening diseases caused by some waterborne pathogens such as Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts are largely associated with contaminated drinking water supply. The IV appropriate experiments for proving these hypotheses performed. In addition, we demonstrated the benefit of micro-fabricated membranes with identical pore sizes as a promising tool for studying fouling phenomenon for different pore geometries. We have also shown the use of transparent polymeric micro-fabricated filters as a useful tool for direct observation through the membrane (DOTM) applications. Lastly, design and fabrication of an automated filtration system for isolation and recovery of waterborne pathogens is presented. Results of some preliminary genetic tests using our fully integrated bio-chip is also depicted.

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Cryptosporidium: The analytical challenge

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

Effect of various environmental factors on the viability of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts

Effect of various environmental factors on the viability of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts

Quantitative dielectrophoretic tracking for characterization and separation of persistent subpopulations of Cryptosporidium parvum

Fabrication and characterization of micro/nano filter for isolation of waterborne pathogens

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