Cryptosporidium species: Preliminary descriptions of the prevalence and genotype distribution among school children and hospital patients in the Venda region, Limpopo Province, South Africa

Samie, Amidou; Bessong, Pascal; Obi, C.L.; Sevilleja, Jesus Emmanuel; Stroup, Suzanne; Houpt, Eric R.; Guerrant, Richard L.

doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2006.04.007

Cited by 89 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Compared to previous studies we have conducted in the same region, E. bieneusi was more common than Cryptosporidium spp. among HIV patients (Samie et al, 2006a). However, HIV-positive patients infected with Cryptosporidium had more diarrhea and more lactoferrin than those who were not infected, indicating that the expected outcome would be worse with Cryptosporidium than with E. bieneusi in this population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…(Samie et al, 2006a), Ent. histolytica (Samie et al, 2006b) and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) and Campylobacter spp.…”

Section: Demographic Characteristics Of the Study Population And Prevmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The DNA obtained was used in duplicate reactions of conventional PCR and RFLP, as described above, and in a quantitative real-time PCR protocol. The method previously described (Fedorko et al, 1995) was used in a realtime PCR protocol (Samie et al, 2006a) using SYBR-Green −490 (Bio-Rad Laboratories). The reaction was performed in a Bio-Rad iCycler iQ (Bio-Rad Laboratories) using iCycler Version 3.0 software, and the results were analyzed with a user-defined threshold of 200 PCR Baseline Subtracted Curve-fit Relative Fluorescence Units (CF RFU).…”

Section: Sensitivity and Specificity Testing Of The Dna Pretreatment mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microsporidiosis in South Africa: PCR detection in stool samples of HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals and school children in Vhembe district, Limpopo Province

Samie

Obi

Tzipori

et al. 2007

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygi

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SummaryMicrosporidia were initially recognized as pathogens of insects and fish but have recently emerged as an important group of human pathogens, especially in immune-compromised individuals, such as those with HIV infection. In this study, we used a PCR-RFLP assay confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR and trichrome staining to determine the prevalence of microsporidian infections among hospital patients and school children in Vhembe region. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was the only microsporidian species detected in these stool samples. It was found in 33 (12.9%) of 255 samples from the hospitals and in 3 (4.5%) of 67 samples from primary school children and was significantly associated (P = 0.039) with diarrhea in HIV-positive patients (21.6%) compared to HIV-negative individuals (9%). However, microsporidian infections were not associated with intestinal inflammation as indicated by the lactoferrin test. These results suggest that microsporidia might be a cause of secretory diarrhea in HIV-positive patients. To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. bieneusi in the Vhembe region of South Africa. Further investigations are needed in order to clarify the pathogenesis of E. bieneusi in HIV-positive patients. Authors' contributions: AS, CLO, ST and RLG conceived the study; AS, ST, LMW and RLG designed the study; RLG provided supplies for the laboratory studies that were conducted in his laboratory; AS ran all the laboratory analysis; AS, CLO, LMW and RLG participated in the data analysis; AS and RLG drafted the paper; CLO, ST, LMW and RLG critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content. All authors revised and approved the final version of the manuscript. AS and RLG are guarantors of the paper. Conflict of interest: None declared.Ethical approval: The study was approved by the research and ethical committee of the University of Venda and the Department of Health and Welfare and the Department of Education in Polokwane, Limpopo Province, South Africa, before the initiation of the study. The molecular analysis was conducted according to the University of Virginia ethics guidelines on non-identified samples.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…(Samie et al, 2006a), Ent. histolytica (Samie et al, 2006b) and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) and Campylobacter spp.…”

Section: Demographic Characteristics Of the Study Population And Prevmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sensitivity and Specificity Testing Of The Dna Pretreatment mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microsporidiosis in South Africa: PCR detection in stool samples of HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals and school children in Vhembe district, Limpopo Province

Samie

Obi

Tzipori

et al. 2007

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygi

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“…hominis was the predominant species in this community-based longitudinal study, followed by C. parvum (7). This predominance of C. hominis has been observed in persons in other developing countries, such as pediatric populations from Malawi (19), Kenya (20), India (21), Haiti (22), and Brazil (13), children and elderly persons from South Africa (23), and hospitalized HIV-infected children from South Africa and Uganda (24,25). As reported in previous studies (21,24,26,27), we also detected few concurrent infections with multiple Cryptosporidium spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

CryptosporidiumSpecies and Subtypes and Clinical Manifestations in Children, Peru

Cama¹,

Bern²,

Roberts³

et al. 2008

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

264

207

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To determine whether clinical manifestations are associated with genotypes or subtypes of Cryptosporidium spp., we studied a 4-year longitudinal birth cohort of 533 children in Peru. A total of 156 infection episodes were found in 109 children. Data from fi rst infections showed that C. hominis was associated with diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, general malaise, and increased oocyst shedding intensity and duration. In contrast, C. parvum, C. meleagridis, C. canis, and C. felis were associated with diarrhea only. C. hominis subtype families were identifi ed (Ia, Ib, Id, and Ie); all were associated with diarrhea. Ib was also associated with nausea, vomiting, and general malaise. All C. parvum specimens belonged to subtype family IIc. Analysis of risk factors did not show associations with specifi c Cryptosporidium spp. genotypes or subtypes. These fi ndings strongly suggest that Cryptosporidium spp. and subtypes are linked to different clinical manifestations in children.

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“…This also increases the chances of home based animals getting infected from the stray animals that they intermingle with in the streets and when they come back home, they can pass on their infection to other domestic animals in the neighborhood and allowing the increase of the infection to one or many different species. Previous studies in the Vhembe district have demonstrated high prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp in humans (Samie et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of cryptosporidium in cats and dogs in the Thohoyandou region, South Africa

Samie¹,

Tsipa²

2013

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Cryptosporidium spp have emerged over the last decade as important diarrheal causing agents particularly among HIV patients. Zoonotic transmission has been reported and their occurrence in domestic animals is of potential significance from both clinical and public health perspectives, yet the occurrence of these organisms among animals in South Africa, particularly the Vhembe district, has not been described. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and potential risk factors of Cryptosporidium spp in domestic animals, particularly cats and dogs in the Thohoyandou region.

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Cryptosporidium species: Preliminary descriptions of the prevalence and genotype distribution among school children and hospital patients in the Venda region, Limpopo Province, South Africa

Cited by 89 publications

References 26 publications

Microsporidiosis in South Africa: PCR detection in stool samples of HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals and school children in Vhembe district, Limpopo Province

Microsporidiosis in South Africa: PCR detection in stool samples of HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals and school children in Vhembe district, Limpopo Province

CryptosporidiumSpecies and Subtypes and Clinical Manifestations in Children, Peru

The epidemiology of cryptosporidium in cats and dogs in the Thohoyandou region, South Africa

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