Cryptosporidium infection in infancy as a cause of malnutrition: a community study from Guinea-Bissau, west Africa

Mølbak, Kåre; Andersen, Michael Brun; Aaby, Péter; Højlyng, Niels; Jakobsen, Markus Due; Sodemann, Morten; Silva, A P da

doi:10.1093/ajcn/65.1.149

Cited by 142 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, this finding is biologically plausible and supports previous studies that have shown deleterious effects on growth and development after symptomatic and asymptomatic infections 4 in children who acquired the infection at less than one year of age and with boys rather than girls affected more significantly. 4,28,32 In a longitudinal study from Brazil, C. hominis and C. parvum infections were associated with decrease in HAZ scores within three months postinfection but this decrease was found to persist at 3-6 months after C. hominis infections, but not C. parvum infections. 35 Low birth weight, malnutrition, stunting and lack of breastfeeding have been reported to predispose children to cryptosporidiosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In contrast, a longitudinal study from Peru consistently identified more asymptomatic infections than symptomatic infections. 4,27,29 Both longitudinal studies from Brazil and Israel and those from Guinea-Bissau 32 and Uganda 2 identified more persistent (diarrhea lasting ≥ 14 days) diarrhea than acute diarrhea (diarrhea lasting less than 4 days). However, no persistent diarrhea was found in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Cryptosporidium Infections in Children in a Semi-Urban Slum Community in Southern India

Ajjampur¹,

Sarkar²,

Sankaran³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of childhood diarrhea in developing countries. We investigated symptomatic and asymptomatic cryptosporidiosis in 20 children less than two years of age in a semi-urban slum in southern India. All surveillance (conducted every two weeks) and diarrheal samples from 20 children (n = 1,036) with cryptosporidial diarrhea previously identified by stool microscopy were tested by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism for species and subgenotype determination. Thirty-five episodes of cryptosporidiosis were identified in 20 children, of which 25 were diarrheal. Fifteen episodes were associated with prolonged oocyst shedding. Multiple episodes of cryptosporidiosis occurred in 40% of the children. Most infections were with C. hominis, subtype Ia. Children with multiple infections had significantly lower weight-for-age and height-for-age Z scores at 24 months but had scores comparable with children with a single episode by 36 months. Multiple symptomatic Cryptosporidium infections associated with prolonged oocyst shedding occur frequently in this disease-endemic area and may contribute to the long-term effects of cryptosporidiosis on physical growth in these children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Cryptosporidium Infections in Children in a Semi-Urban Slum Community in Southern India

Ajjampur¹,

Sarkar²,

Sankaran³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…In addition, the Mexican survey also estimated a prevalence of undernutrition for ZH/A of 8.9% in [21]. Some years before Molbak et al [22] found that Cryptosporidium infection was associated with the highest weight loss for children (both boys and girls) who contracted cryptosporidiosis before reaching one year of age. In addition, the proportion of children at risk for undernutrition was relatively high in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidiosis: a neglected infection and its association with nutritional status in schoolchildren in northwestern Mexico

Quihui‐Cota

Lugo-Flores

Ponce-Martínez

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Undernutrition is a recognized public health problem in Mexican children and cryptosporidiosis is probably a factor contributing to this problem. However, it remains a neglected and poorly attended infection in Mexico. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum and to establish its association with the nutritional status in schoolchildren of northwestern Mexico. Methodology: A total of 405 schoolchildren between 6 and 13 years of age were included in this study. Weight-for-age (W/A), height-for-age (H/A) and body mass index-for-age (BMI/A) Z scores were calculated. The Faust technique was used to detect intestinal parasites in stool samples and C. parvum coproantigen was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The overall prevalence of C. parvum was 28.4%. Some of the study children were C. parvum free (n = 86) and some were C. parvum infected (n = 77). The prevalences of risk of undernutrition found in both groups of children for H/A, W/A, and BMI/A Z scores were 18%, 21% and 28%, respectively. Weight, ZW/A, and ZH/A were significantly higher in the C. parvum-free group compared to the C. parvuminfected group (p ≤ 0.05). The children with cryptosporidiosis were 2.7 times more likely to be at risk of undernutrition by W/A Z score and 2.9 times more likely to be at risk of undernutrition by ZH/A than were the C. parvum-free children. Conclusions: Cryptosporidiosis may be a contributing factor to childhood undernutrition in northwestern Mexico. The proper authorities must implement control and prevention measurements in Mexico and other developing countries.

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“…is not restricted to immunocompromised hosts, it is also found in immunocompetent individuals (Nchito et al 1998;Gatei et al 2006;Salyer et al 2012). This parasite frequently infects children, in which it may have adverse effects on nutritional outcomes, affecting intestinal absorption, nutrition, and childhood development (Checkley et al 1997;Mondal et al 2009;Mølbak et al 1997). Data on asymptomatic individual carriage are scarce although C. spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low sensitivity of the ImmunocardSTAT® Crypto/Giardia Rapid Assay test for the detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in fecal samples from children living in Libreville, Central Africa

et al. 2015

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Giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis are now recognized as neglected tropical parasitic diseases. The risk of their dissemination in developing countries, such as Gabon, is increasing, due to urban crowding and poor sanitation. Accurate, simple and rapid diagnosis tools are thus necessary for the estimation of their real burden. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performances of the ImmunocardSTAT Ò Crypto/Giardia Rapid Assay test for the detection of Cryptosporidium (C.) spp. and Giardia (G.) duodenalis in children living in Libreville, Gabon. Stool samples of 173 healthy children were screened by routine microscopic using the merthiolate iodine formol concentration technique for Giardia, the modified Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) staining for Cryptosporidium and the Immunocard-STAT Ò Crypto/Giardia RDT for the detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium parasite forms and antigens respectively. G. duodenalis was detected with microscopy and the ImmunocardSTAT Ò Crypto/Giardia in 27 (15.6 %) and 22 (13.3 %) fecal samples respectively. C. spp. oocysts were found in 18 (10.4 %) ones, whereas only one sample was positive with the immunochromatographic assay. When microscopic examination was considered as the reference method, sensitivity and specificity of the Immunocard-STAT Ò Crypto/Giardia Rapid Assay were found to be 63.0 %, 96.6 and 5.5 %, 99.3 % for G. duodenalis and C. spp. respectively. The prevalence of G. duodenalis and C. spp. carriage is high in children from Libreville. A low sensitivity of the ImmunocardSTAT Ò Crypto/Giardia for the detection of both parasites is observed. It is thus inappropriate as a diagnostic tool for detecting asymptomatic carriers.

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Cryptosporidium infection in infancy as a cause of malnutrition: a community study from Guinea-Bissau, west Africa

Cited by 142 publications

References 16 publications

Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Cryptosporidium Infections in Children in a Semi-Urban Slum Community in Southern India

Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Cryptosporidium Infections in Children in a Semi-Urban Slum Community in Southern India

Cryptosporidiosis: a neglected infection and its association with nutritional status in schoolchildren in northwestern Mexico

Low sensitivity of the ImmunocardSTAT® Crypto/Giardia Rapid Assay test for the detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in fecal samples from children living in Libreville, Central Africa

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