Cryptosporidium from a free-ranging marsupial host: Bandicoots in urban Australia

Dowle, Matthew; Hill, Nichola J.; Power, Michelle

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.08.017

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…hominis/C . parvum- like isolates at the 18S rRNA locus in marsupials including bandicoots ( Isoodon obesulus ), brushtail possums ( Trichosurus vulpecula ), eastern grey kangaroos ( Macropus giganteus ) and brush-tailed rock-wallabies ( Petrogale penicillata ) [65, 66, 67]. However, in those studies, despite efforts, the identification of C .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Cryptosporidium Species in Animals Inhabiting Sydney Water Catchments

et al. 2016

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Cryptosporidium is one of the most common zoonotic waterborne parasitic diseases worldwide and represents a major public health concern of water utilities in developed nations. As animals in catchments can shed human-infectious Cryptosporidium oocysts, determining the potential role of animals in dissemination of zoonotic Cryptosporidium to drinking water sources is crucial. In the present study, a total of 952 animal faecal samples from four dominant species (kangaroos, rabbits, cattle and sheep) inhabiting Sydney’s drinking water catchments were screened for the presence of Cryptosporidium using a quantitative PCR (qPCR) and positives sequenced at multiple loci. Cryptosporidium species were detected in 3.6% (21/576) of kangaroos, 7.0% (10/142) of cattle, 2.3% (3/128) of sheep and 13.2% (14/106) of rabbit samples screened. Sequence analysis of a region of the 18S rRNA locus identified C. macropodum and C. hominis in 4 and 17 isolates from kangaroos respectively, C. hominis and C. parvum in 6 and 4 isolates respectively each from cattle, C. ubiquitum in 3 isolates from sheep and C. cuniculus in 14 isolates from rabbits. All the Cryptosporidium species identified were zoonotic species with the exception of C. macropodum. Subtyping using the 5’ half of gp60 identified C. hominis IbA10G2 (n = 12) and IdA15G1 (n = 2) in kangaroo faecal samples; C. hominis IbA10G2 (n = 4) and C. parvum IIaA18G3R1 (n = 4) in cattle faecal samples, C. ubiquitum subtype XIIa (n = 1) in sheep and C. cuniculus VbA23 (n = 9) in rabbits. Additional analysis of a subset of samples using primers targeting conserved regions of the MIC1 gene and the 3’ end of gp60 suggests that the C. hominis detected in these animals represent substantial variants that failed to amplify as expected. The significance of this finding requires further investigation but might be reflective of the ability of this C. hominis variant to infect animals. The finding of zoonotic Cryptosporidium species in these animals may have important implications for the management of drinking water catchments to minimize risk to public health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Cryptosporidium Species in Animals Inhabiting Sydney Water Catchments

et al. 2016

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“…In Australia, a number of recent studies have also identified C. hominis/C. parvum -like isolates at the 18S locus in marsupials including bandicoots, brushtail possums, eastern grey kangaroos and brush-tailed rock-wallabies (Hill et al., 2008, Ng et al., 2011, Dowle et al., 2013, Vermeulen et al., 2015). However, despite efforts, the identification of C. hominis/C.…”

Section: Wildlife Associated Outbreaks and Water Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public health significance of zoonotic Cryptosporidium species in wildlife: Critical insights into better drinking water management

Zahedi

Paparini

Jian

et al. 2016

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

162

144

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Cryptosporidium is an enteric parasite that is transmitted via the faecal–oral route, water and food. Humans, wildlife and domestic livestock all potentially contribute Cryptosporidium to surface waters. Human encroachment into natural ecosystems has led to an increase in interactions between humans, domestic animals and wildlife populations. Increasing numbers of zoonotic diseases and spill over/back of zoonotic pathogens is a consequence of this anthropogenic disturbance. Drinking water catchments and water reservoir areas have been at the front line of this conflict as they can be easily contaminated by zoonotic waterborne pathogens. Therefore, the epidemiology of zoonotic species of Cryptosporidium in free-ranging and captive wildlife is of increasing importance. This review focuses on zoonotic Cryptosporidium species reported in global wildlife populations to date, and highlights their significance for public health and the water industry.

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“…Cryptosporidium , a protozoan parasite with a broad vertebrate host range and variable host specificity, represents a potential indicator of disease risks associated with conservation management. This research strategy is particularly applicable to threatened Australian marsupials where the occurrence of human derived Cryptosporidium species has not been conclusively determined ( Hill et al., 2008; Ng et al., 2011; Dowle et al., 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there are reports of C. parvum and C. hominis in marsupials, these are based only upon a molecular signature from a faecal DNA sample, and an infection has never been confirmed using other methods such as parasite isolation ( Hill et al., 2008; Ng et al., 2011; Dowle et al., 2013 ). The molecular detection of C. parvum and C. hominis in marsupial hosts has also been associated with an inability to confirm at greater than a single locus, namely the 18S rRNA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The molecular detection of C. parvum and C. hominis in marsupial hosts has also been associated with an inability to confirm at greater than a single locus, namely the 18S rRNA. Passage of C. parvum of C. hominis oocysts through the marsupial gut is the likely reason for identifications of these Cryptosporidium species in marsupials ( Dowle et al., 2013 ). The only confirmed case of Cryptosporidium infection in a marsupial that was not host specific was an infection of C. muris in captive greater bilbies ( Macrotis lagotis ) being bred for release into natural habitat ( Warren et al., 2003 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity of Cryptosporidium in brush-tailed rock-wallabies (Petrogale penicillata) managed within a species recovery programme

Vermeulen

Ashworth

Eldridge

et al. 2015

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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HighlightsCryptosporidium diversity was investigated in a BTRW as part of a recovery programme.Faecal samples from captive bred, supplemented and wild wallabies were screened.Cryptosporidium isolates were identified at three gene loci using PCR.Diverse species of Cryptosporidium were identified across populations.Both specific, C. fayeri, and broad host species, C. meleagridis, were identified.

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Cryptosporidium from a free-ranging marsupial host: Bandicoots in urban Australia

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Zoonotic Cryptosporidium Species in Animals Inhabiting Sydney Water Catchments

Zoonotic Cryptosporidium Species in Animals Inhabiting Sydney Water Catchments

Public health significance of zoonotic Cryptosporidium species in wildlife: Critical insights into better drinking water management

Diversity of Cryptosporidium in brush-tailed rock-wallabies (Petrogale penicillata) managed within a species recovery programme

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