Cryptosporidium and Giardia lamblia Epidemiology in Middle Eastern Countries: study of the proliferation problem in the aquatic environment

Abstract

The aim is to present a summarized study of the available literature on Cryptosporidium and Giardia lamblia for Middle Eastern countries, in order to identify trends in human cryptosporidiosis and childhood morbidity, and to raise awareness among residents. This is necessary in order to address the gap in preventive measures required to mitigate the overall effect attributed to associated illness and its impact in the already water stressed Middle Eastern countries. To assess seroprevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia lamblia in Middle Eastern countries systematic review was carried out based on online articles published from 2010-2018. PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, World Bank and WHO report and scientific database were explored. The current study highlights the existing subsequent epidemiology, its seroprevalence distribution, genetic diversity across Middle Eastern countries since 2009. This study therefore will provide the platform for future research work and development in comprehending Cryptosporidium and Giardia lamblia epidemiology in Middle Eastern countries. It was found that lack of awareness, personal hygiene and sanitation facilities, poverty, indiscriminate eating habits are favourable infestation conditions for Cryptosporidium and Giardia lamblia infections. The prevalence for both Cryptosporidium and Giardia lamblia, is higher in developing countries as compared to developed countries. The originality is that it is the only study of its kind in the region, as such studies are still lacking in Middle East countries as compared to other European, Asian, American continents and countries.

Investigation of the Frequency of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia intestinalis in Patients with Suppressed Immune System

“…[3][4][5] Both parasites are seen more frequently in immunocompromised patients and children. 6 Cryptosporidium genus protozoa are absolute intracellular parasites common in the world. The disease caused by Cryptosporidium is called cryptosporidiosis.…”

“…It is one of the most common protozoan diseases in immunocompromised patients (especially HIV-positive patients) and people with low socioeconomic status. 6,7 The parasitic infection caused by the G. intestinalis parasite is called Giardiasis. Giardia infections can be seen in all age groups worldwide, especially in childhood and in patients with a suppressed immune system 8,9 The diagnosis of giardiasis is made by detecting cysts or trophozoites in stool samples of patients.…”