Cryptosporidium and Giardia in different age groups of Danish cattle and pigs—Occurrence and management associated risk factors

Maddox-Hyttel, Charlotte; Langkjær, Rikke Breinhold; Enemark, Heidi L.; Vigre, Håkan

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.04.032

Cited by 168 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Similar results were also obtained in this study concerning the prevalence of Giardia in sheep and cattle, which ranged in previous studies from 1.5% -38% in sheep and from 3.7% -57.8% in cattle. However, in the current study, among pigs the incidence of G. intestinalis infection was higher than previously described (up to 31.1%) [22,23,24,25]. In contrast, the prevalence of Giardia in dogs was lower than some data presented in literature where authors found the parasite in each studied dog [26,27].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Epidemiological survey in Łęczyńsko-Włodawskie Lake District of eastern Poland reveals new evidence of zoonotic potential of <i>Giardia intestinalis</i>

Stojecki¹,

Sroka²,

Cencek³

et al. 2015

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Faecal samples from 297 farm animals were collected from 18 households in distinct sites of the Łęczyńsko-Włodawskie Lake District of eastern Poland. They included samples from 86 cattle (Bos taurus), 84 pigs (Sus scrofa f. domestica), 81 sheep (Ovis aries), 10 horses (Equus caballus), and 36 dogs (Canis lupus familiaris). The samples were examined for the presence of Giardia intestinalis by the Direct Fluorescence Assay (DFA) and semi-nested PCR. All amplicons were sequenced on both strands. By DFA, cysts of Giardia spp. were detected in 66 of 297 faecal samples (22.2%). Positive specimens for Giardia spp. were derived from 29.8% of examined pigs, 21.0% of sheep, 18.6% of cattle, 10% of horses, and 19.4% of dogs. Based on the detection of the β-giardin gene by PCR, 39 (13.1%) of the 297 examined samples were recognized as positive. Detection of the presence of Giardia cysts by DFA test was overall significantly higher compared to PCR (p=0.0045). By PCR, Giardia was found in 28.1% of sheep, 11.6% of cattle, 10% of horses, 9.5% of pigs and 5.6% of dogs. Partial β-giardin gene sequences were obtained for 73.7% of the PCR positive samples. From sequenced samples derived from the studied animals, Giardia were identified as assemblage A (8 samples), B (1 sample) and E (18 samples). As assemblages A and B may be zoonotic, the farm animals living in eastern Poland could be regarded as a potential source of Giardia infection for humans.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Epidemiological survey in Łęczyńsko-Włodawskie Lake District of eastern Poland reveals new evidence of zoonotic potential of <i>Giardia intestinalis</i>

Stojecki¹,

Sroka²,

Cencek³

et al. 2015

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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“…Oocysts excretion levels in calves with cooler and more humid environment can be attributed to a season effect. This conditions support the survival of oocysts for extended periods of time (FAYER, 2004;MADDOX-HYTELL et al, 2006). In addition, a significant association between the detection of Giardia cysts and the percent moisture of the soil has been described (BARWICK et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…It has been demonstrated that Cryptosporidium oocysts are able to move through various soil types (MAWDSLEY et al, 1996), and excretion levels in calves are related with cooler and more humid environment for Cryptosporidium and Giardia cysts (BARWICK et al, 2003;FAYER, 2004;MADDOX-HYTELL et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp., spatial clustering and patterns of shedding in dairy calves from Córdoba, Argentina

Tiranti

Larriestra

Vissio

et al. 2011

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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The objectives of this study were to estimate calf and herd prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp., the herd prevalence clustering, spatial distribution according to soil type and shedding patterns in dairy calves from Cordoba, Argentina. Six hundred twenty calves younger than 7 weeks of age from 43 dairy herds were sampled. Samples were processed with the formol-ether and modified Ziehl-Neelsen techniques. Univariate analysis and Kruskall-Wallis tests were used. Factors associated were subjected to multivariate analysis with calf shedding intensity as the response variable. Clustering of herd prevalence was assessed by a scan method, and spatial analysis was applied to explore the overlapping of high prevalence herds and soil type. Overall calf prevalence for Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and Giardia spp. cysts were 19.35% (95% CI: 16.14; 22.54) and 34.50% (95% CI: 30.69; 38.34), respectively. Calves younger than two weeks of age were almost four times more likely to be infected with Cryptosporidium, in comparison to older ones (RR: 3.78, 95% CI: 2.27; 6.26). Giardia spp. shedding showed a similar age pattern (RR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.02; 1.75). A primary cluster of high Cryptosporidium prevalence was found, and high prevalence herds were located in areas with poor drained soil.

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“…It was particularly incident between the sixth and the 12 th weeks of life, which is a stage in the post-weaning period (MADDOX-HYTTEL et al, 2006;HAMNES et al, 2007;JOHNSON et al, 2008). Giardia has been reported between 11 and 18 days of age (HAMNES et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lime associated with water it generates a large amount of heat thus featuring a high disinfectant value (SOBESTIANSKY et al, 1981). Maddox-Hyttel et al (2006) observed that the cleaning of the floor (high pressure water, disinfection and drying the premises before introduction of animals) have reduced the excretion of Giardia cysts and of Cryptosporidium oocysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in pigs at weaning

Matos

Meireles

Coelho³

et al. 2016

SCA

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Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. are parasites and have been reported in many species of mammals, including humans. The goal of this research was to investigate the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in 45-days-old pigs. Fecal samples of 107 pigs were collected at three alternate days in piggeries in Araçatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil. Cryptosporidium oocysts were observed in 4.7% (5/107) of animals by Kinyoun acid-fast stain method and cysts of Giardia spp. were observed in 1.9% (2/107) of the animals by the method of Faust. Of all animals, 85 presented feces with normal consistency and 22 showed diarrhea in at least one collection. Two diarrheic samples showed positivity for both Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. From these results it is possible to infer that the occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia was low because of the good management practices and both protozoa were not associated the presence of symptoms. Key words: Protozoonosis. Cysts. Diarrhea. Feces. Oocysts. Piggery. ResumoCryptosporidium spp. e Giardia spp. são parasitas e têm sido relatados em várias espécies de mamíferos, incluindo humanos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a ocorrência de Cryptosporidium spp. e Giardia spp. em suínos de 45 dias de idade. Amostras fecais de 107 suínos foram coletadas em três dias alternados de pocilgas em Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brasil. Oocistos de Cryptosporidium foram observados em 4,7% (5/107) dos animais por meio do método de Kinyoun e cistos de Giardia spp. em 1,9% (2/107) dos animais pelo método de Faust. Dentre os animais, 85 apresentaram fezes com consistência normal e 22 com diarréia em pelo menos uma coleta. Em duas amostras diarreicas foram observadas presença de oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. e cistos de Giardia spp. A partir destes resultados é possível inferir que a ocorrência de Cryptosporidium e Giardia foi baixa devido a práticas de boa gestão e que ambos os protozoários não foram associados à presença de sintomas.

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Cryptosporidium and Giardia in different age groups of Danish cattle and pigs—Occurrence and management associated risk factors

Cited by 168 publications

References 37 publications

Epidemiological survey in Łęczyńsko-Włodawskie Lake District of eastern Poland reveals new evidence of zoonotic potential of <i>Giardia intestinalis</i>

Epidemiological survey in Łęczyńsko-Włodawskie Lake District of eastern Poland reveals new evidence of zoonotic potential of <i>Giardia intestinalis</i>

Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp., spatial clustering and patterns of shedding in dairy calves from Córdoba, Argentina

Occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in pigs at weaning

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