Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis in wild birds: A One Health perspective

Wang, Yuexin; Zhang, Kaihui; Chen, Yuancai; Li, Xiaoying; Zhang, Longxian

doi:10.1007/s00436-021-07289-3

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The presence of waterbirds in spring water reservoirs has been linked to the declining quality of these waters [ 33 ]. The appearance of new populations and residence in flocks can rapidly increase the incidence of zoonotic Giardia , Cryptosporidia , Cyclospora , or microspodidia due to the eutrophication of wetlands [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. As a rule, anseriform birds travel in large flocks, so their presence during migration affects the quality of the environment on a local scale [ 37 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model of pathogen deposition by waterfowl takes into account the number of faecal pellets deposited on a 1 m × 100 m section of shore during a single visit by an average flock [ 34 ]. Using this model for Cryptosporidium and Giardia , a single visit by an average flock of waterbirds may yield approximately 9.3 × 10 6 g −1 of infective oocysts and 1.0 × 10 7 g −1 cysts, respectively [ 33 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Migrating Anatidae as Sources of Environmental Contamination with Zoonotic Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora and Microsporidia

2023

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Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, and microsporidia are gastrointestinal pathogens that can cause various disease symptoms in both animals and humans. Numerous studies worldwide have confirmed the presence of these eukaryotic pathogens in nesting and migrating wild geese, ducks, and swans. Migration spreads these zoonotic enteric pathogens to distant locations, which could have public health implications. Soils and water bodies (lakes, ponds, rivers and wetlands) in urban and suburban areas have been shown to be vulnerable to contamination by waterfowl droppings. This review addresses the epidemiology of these enteric pathogens in wild migratory bird species (Anatidae) and some consequences of their spread in the environment. To date, both zoonotic pathogens and genotypes restricted to avian hosts have been found in faecal samples from 21 anatid species worldwide. One of the routes of infection for these zoonotic gastrointestinal micropathogens is the indirect route. For example, shared water bodies (e.g., for drinking or recreational purposes) previously contaminated by birds during the migratory season may facilitate infections of humans through water. However, it is unclear how much wild waterfowl contribute to the transmission of giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, cyclosporosis, and microsporidiosis in many regions through contaminated environmental sources. Comprehensive epidemiological surveillance based on molecular data on gastrointestinal pathogens is crucial to take measures to control infections in the future.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migrating Anatidae as Sources of Environmental Contamination with Zoonotic Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora and Microsporidia

2023

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“…Avian cryptosporidiosis was first described in 1929 [ 163 ], but the first avian species, Cryptosporidium meleagridis was not named until 1955 in turkeys [ 164 ]. The parasite has a broad host range and is commonly reported in wild birds but less so in poultry [ 165 , 166 ]. It has also been reported in foxes, minks, cattle, wallabies, gorillas, and dogs [ 167 , 168 , 169 , 170 , 171 , 172 ].…”

Section: Zoonotic Cryptosporidium Species and Genotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on Zoonotic Cryptosporidium Species and Genotypes in Humans

Ryan

Zahedi

Feng

et al. 2021

Animals

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The enteric parasite, Cryptosporidium is a major cause of diarrhoeal illness in humans and animals worldwide. No effective therapeutics or vaccines are available and therefore control is dependent on understanding transmission dynamics. The development of molecular detection and typing tools has resulted in the identification of a large number of cryptic species and genotypes and facilitated our understanding of their potential for zoonotic transmission. Of the 44 recognised Cryptosporidium species and >120 genotypes, 19 species, and four genotypes have been reported in humans with C. hominis, C. parvum, C. meleagridis, C. canis and C. felis being the most prevalent. The development of typing tools that are still lacking some zoonotic species and genotypes and more extensive molecular epidemiological studies in countries where the potential for transmission is highest are required to further our understanding of this important zoonotic pathogen. Similarly, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and amplicon next-generation sequencing (NGS) are important for more accurately tracking transmission and understanding the mechanisms behind host specificity.

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“…To date, there are 44 valid species and about 60 genotypes reported from all over the world [3][4][5][6]. There are 8 species of Cryptosporidium that infect birds: Cryptosporidium meleagridis, Cryptosporidium baileyi, Cryptosporidium galli, Cryptosporidium ornithophilus, Cryptosporidium proventriculi, Cryptosporidium avium, Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium andersoni [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C. parvum develops lesions in the small intestine and cecum and can cause disruption of intestinal epithelial integrity [14,15]. C. andersoni has been found in the feces of wild bird [8,[16][17][18] but its site of infection in birds is not yet defined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and phylogenetic characterization of Cryptosporidium species in the saffron finch Sicalis flaveola

et al. 2022

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Background Cryptosporidium is the most common protozoan that can infect a wide variety of animals, including mammals and birds. Fecal samples of six saffron finches, Sicalis flaveola, from a commercial establishment were screened for the presence of Cryptosporidium by the modified Ziehl–Neelsen technique and nested PCR of the 18S rRNA gene followed by sequencing of the amplified fragments. Results The species Cryptosporidium galli was identified in all six saffron fiches, in addition to Cryptosporidium andersoni in one of the birds, indicating a mixed infection. Only two birds had feathers that were ruffled and dirty with feces. Concomitant infection with Isospora spp. was observed in all birds. Conclusions Saffron finches are a possible host of C. andersoni and this is the first report of this species in a captive bird and the third report of parasitism by C. galli in Sicalis flaveola.

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Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis in wild birds: A One Health perspective

Cited by 15 publications

References 69 publications

Migrating Anatidae as Sources of Environmental Contamination with Zoonotic Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora and Microsporidia

Migrating Anatidae as Sources of Environmental Contamination with Zoonotic Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora and Microsporidia

An Update on Zoonotic Cryptosporidium Species and Genotypes in Humans

Molecular and phylogenetic characterization of Cryptosporidium species in the saffron finch Sicalis flaveola

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