Cryptosporidium

Tomazic, Mariela Luján; Garro, Carlos; Schnittger, Leonhard

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-70132-5_2

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…This parasite has been detected in cattle [ 48 ], buffaloes [ 49 ], sheep and goats [ 50 ], horses and donkeys [ 51 ], and camels [ 52 ], as well as in humans [ 53 ]. In addition, C. parvum was found to be the most dominant and pathogenic species in farm animals [ 6 ] and has been detected worldwide in both farm animals and humans [ 54 ]. There are variations in the recorded prevalence of C. parvum , which may be attributed to differences in animal ages, locality, rearing systems, stress, breeding techniques, and the level of hygienic measures applied [ 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Cryptosporidium parasite infects a variety of mammals, including bovines (especially young calves), dogs, cats, birds, and rabbits [ 4 ]. Bovine cryptosporidiosis caused by Cryptosporidium parvum is a critical problem in the dairy industry, especially in newborn calves, where the infection is life-threatening [ 5 ], and C. parvum was reported as the most dominant Cryptosporidium species in farm animals [ 6 ]. Moreover, bovine cryptosporidiosis is a public health concern because C. parvum is a zoonosis [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of a vaccine candidate isolated from Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst in mice

et al. 2022

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Background and Aim: Cryptosporidiosis is a leading cause of diarrheal disease worldwide and is an animal and public health burden. This study aimed to evaluate the protective potential of affinity-purified Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst antigen as a vaccine candidate according to fecal oocyst shedding, humoral and cellular immune responses, histopathological changes, and the number of parasite developmental stages in ileal and hepatic tissues. Materials and Methods: We isolated oocysts from naturally infected buffalo calves and identified them molecularly as C. parvum isolates (GenBank: ON730707 and ON730708) by targeting the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein gene. We propagated the C. parvum oocysts in mice. In addition, we prepared crude antigen from the isolated oocysts by purification using cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose-4B affinity chromatography coupled with rabbit hyperimmune serum. Then, we divided 81 parasite-free mice into three groups: (1) non-vaccinated non-infected mice, (2) mice orally infected with 1 × 105 C. parvum oocysts on week 4 of the experiment, and (3) mice immunized twice with 40 μg/kg of the purified fraction at 2-week intervals. Then, we challenged the vaccinated group with C. parvum oocysts after 2 weeks, and the positive control group was infected at the same time. Results: We observed a prolonged prepatent period and decreased oocyst shedding in the vaccinated infected mice compared with the non-vaccinated infected mice (t < 0.001). The vaccinated mice had significantly higher immunoglobulin G levels than those in the other two groups at all examined weeks. In addition, the production of cytokines interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-12, and IL-15 was activated post-vaccination. After the challenge, all tested cytokines were significantly increased (p < 0.001) in the two infected groups compared with the non-vaccinated non-infected group, with the highest levels in the vaccinated infected group. Vaccinated infected mice exhibited significantly fewer pathological lesions in the ileum and liver than non-vaccinated infected mice, which showed prominent histopathological lesions. Endogenous developmental stages of C. parvum indicated that the ileum was more parasitized than the liver and that vaccination resulted in a lower number of oocysts in ileal and hepatic tissues (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our prepared affinity-purified vaccine candidate could be promising in protecting against cryptosporidiosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a vaccine candidate isolated from Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst in mice

et al. 2022

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“…Infectious diarrhoea of neonatal calves caused by enteropathogens is an ongoing concern for dairy production systems worldwide ( Foster and Smith, 2009 ; Vermeulen et al, 2017 ; Tomazic et al, 2018 ; Chen et al, 2023 ). Currently, there are no effective prevention and treatment methods, and the costs related to veterinary care of affected animals are high.…”

Section: Overview Of Bovine Cryptosporidiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and the protozoan Cryptosporidium spp. cause bovine neonatal diarrhoea ( Foster and Smith, 2009 ; Tomazic et al, 2018 ). Among these, Cryptosporidium spp.…”

Section: Overview Of Bovine Cryptosporidiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are parasitic protozoans of the phylum Apicomplexa that infect mammals, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and fish ( Fayer, 2010 ). In cattle, four species are principally detected: C. parvum , C. bovis , C. ryanae , and C. andersoni ( Xiao and Feng, 2008 ; Xiao, 2010 ; Tomazic et al, 2018 ). Cryptosporidium parvum is considered the predominant species in calves up to 2 months of age ( Santín et al, 2008 ; Follet et al, 2011 ; Amer et al, 2013 ; Tomazic et al, 2018 ), but, in a few cases, infection with C. bovis in this age group has also been reported in Sweden, China, Canada, India, and the USA ( Feng et al, 2007 ; Silverlås et al, 2010 ; Budu Amoako et al, 2012 ; Wang et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Overview Of Bovine Cryptosporidiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence, risk factors and molecular epidemiology of neonatal cryptosporidiosis in calves: The Argentine perspective

de Alba,

Garro,

Florin-Christensen

et al. 2023

Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases

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Pursuing effective vaccines against cattle diseases caused by apicomplexan protozoa

Florín-Christensen¹

2021

CABI Reviews

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Apicomplexan parasites are responsible for important livestock diseases that affect the production of much needed protein resources, and those transmissible to humans pose a public health risk. Vaccines, recognized as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method for the prevention of infectious diseases in livestock, can avert losses in food production and decrease the exposure of humans to zoonotic pathogens. This review focuses on the need for and advances in vaccine development against the apicomplexan parasites Theileria spp., Babesia spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Eimeria spp., Besnoitia spp., Sarcocystis spp., and Cryptosporidium parvum. Together, the effect of these parasites on the cattle industry worldwide causes an enormous burden, yet they remain poorly controlled and very few effective and practical vaccines against them are available. Vaccine development is hampered by our scarce and limited knowledge of the biology and mechanisms of pathogenesis of these microorganisms, and the absence of correlates of host immune protection. More studies focused on these aspects as well as on the identification of parasite vulnerabilities that can be exploited for vaccine design are needed. Novel "omics" and gene editing approaches in understanding complex parasite biology together with advances in vaccinology will facilitate the development of effective, sustainable, and practical vaccines against cattle diseases caused by apicomplexan parasites. Such vaccines will help prevent animal and human diseases and allow production of enough animal protein to feed the growing human population in the twenty-first century and beyond.

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Cryptosporidium

Cited by 4 publications

References 240 publications

Evaluation of a vaccine candidate isolated from Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst in mice

Evaluation of a vaccine candidate isolated from Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst in mice

Prevalence, risk factors and molecular epidemiology of neonatal cryptosporidiosis in calves: The Argentine perspective

Pursuing effective vaccines against cattle diseases caused by apicomplexan protozoa

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