Cryptosporidiosis in infancy and childhood mortality in Guinea Bissau, west Africa.

Mølbak, Kåre; Højlyng, Niels; Gottschau, Adam; Sa, Jenkerson; Ingholt, Liselotte; Silva, A P da; Aaby, Péter

doi:10.1136/bmj.307.6901.417

Cited by 119 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Affected children in developing countries may suffer from malnourishment, and in some nonindustrialized countries, cryptosporidiosis may be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality (145,146). The introduction of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) for immune reconstruction has dramatically reduced the incidence and severity of cryptosporidiosis in patients with HIV/AIDS (140).…”

Section: Cryptosporidiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Testing for Clinical Diagnosis and Epidemiological Investigations of Intestinal Parasitic Infections

2014

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SUMMARY Over the past few decades, nucleic acid-based methods have been developed for the diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections. Advantages of nucleic acid-based methods are numerous; typically, these include increased sensitivity and specificity and simpler standardization of diagnostic procedures. DNA samples can also be stored and used for genetic characterization and molecular typing, providing a valuable tool for surveys and surveillance studies. A variety of technologies have been applied, and some specific and general pitfalls and limitations have been identified. This review provides an overview of the multitude of methods that have been reported for the detection of intestinal parasites and offers some guidance in applying these methods in the clinical laboratory and in epidemiological studies.

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Section: Cryptosporidiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Testing for Clinical Diagnosis and Epidemiological Investigations of Intestinal Parasitic Infections

2014

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“…7,8 Early childhood cryptosporidiosis has been associated with growth retardation, cognitive deficits, and a higher overall risk of mortality. [9][10][11] There is no consistently effective treatment available for cryptosporidiosis in vulnerable populations. 12 Hence, the identification of factors associated with cryptosporidial infection, particularly in childhood, is essential in designing strategies to prevent or control disease caused by this protozoan parasite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Cryptosporidiosis Among Children in a Semi Urban Slum in Southern India: A Nested Case-Control Study

Sarkar

Kattula

Francis

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The risk factors for acquisition of cryptosporidial infection in resource-poor settings are poorly understood. A nested case-control study was conducted to assess factors associated with childhood cryptosporidiosis (detected by stool polymerase chain reaction) in an endemic, Indian slum community using data from two community-based studies with 580 children followed prospectively until their second birthday. Factors were assessed for overall cryptosporidiosis (N = 406), and for multiple (N = 208), asymptomatic (N = 243), and symptomatic (N = 163) infections, respectively. Presence of older siblings (odds ratio [OR] = 1.88, P = 0.002) and stunting at 6 months of age (OR = 1.74, P = 0.019) were important risk factors for childhood cryptosporidiosis. Always boiling drinking water before consumption, the use of a toilet by all members of the family, and maternal age 23 years were protective. These results provide insights into acquisition of childhood cryptosporidiosis in settings with poor environmental sanitation, contaminated public water supply systems, and close human-animal contact. Disease control strategies will require a multifaceted approach.

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“…Cryptosporidiosis is a major cause of diarrhea in children with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in developing countries (8,16,21,27,30). In these countries, cryptosporidial infection in early childhood has been reported to be associated with subsequent impairment in growth, physical fitness, and cognitive function (5,20).…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular and Spatial Epidemiology of Cryptosporidiosis in Children in a Semiurban Community in South India

Ajjampur¹,

et al. 2007

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Cryptosporidium spp. are a leading cause of diarrhea in Indian children, but there are no data for prevalent species or subgenotypes. Genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and spatial analysis of cases using Geographical Information Systems technology was carried out for 53 children with cryptosporidial diarrhea in an urban slum. The two most common species were C. hominis (81%) and C. parvum (12%). Other species identified were C. felis and C. parvum (mouse genotype). Five subgenotypes were identified at the Cpgp40/15 locus. Subgenotype Ia predominated among C. hominis isolates, and all C. parvum isolates were subgenotype Ic. C. hominis infection was associated with a greater severity of diarrhea. Sequencing of the Cpgp40/15 alleles of C. felis and C. parvum (mouse genotype) revealed similarities to subgenotype IIa and C. meleagridis, respectively. Space-time analysis revealed two clusters of infection due to C. hominis Ia, with a peak in February 2005. This is the first study to demonstrate space-time clustering of a single subgenotype of C. hominis in a setting where cryptosporidiosis is endemic. Molecular characterization and spatial analysis have the potential to further the understanding of disease and transmission in the community.

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Cryptosporidiosis in infancy and childhood mortality in Guinea Bissau, west Africa.

Cited by 119 publications

References 18 publications

Molecular Testing for Clinical Diagnosis and Epidemiological Investigations of Intestinal Parasitic Infections

Molecular Testing for Clinical Diagnosis and Epidemiological Investigations of Intestinal Parasitic Infections

Risk Factors for Cryptosporidiosis Among Children in a Semi Urban Slum in Southern India: A Nested Case-Control Study

Molecular and Spatial Epidemiology of Cryptosporidiosis in Children in a Semiurban Community in South India

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