Cryptosporidiosis in a transplant recipient with severe intractable diarrhea: Detection of <i><scp>C</scp>ryptosporidium</i> oocysts by intestinal biopsies

Kagawa, Keiichiro; Fujino, Hikaru; Miki, Hirokazu; Sogabe, Kimiko; Takahashi, Mamiko; Maruhashi, Tomoko; Udaka, Kengo; Iwasa, Masami; Fujii, Shiro; Nakamura, Shingen; Abe, Masahiro

doi:10.1111/tid.12826

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…To our knowledge this is the first report of C. meleagridis in the human colon, and the identification of merozoites indicates an active infection. In the only other study to date in humans, C. meleagridis infection was localized to the ileocaecal valve, a sphincter muscle that separates the small and large intestine, in a person who was immunocompromised following a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Kagawa et al, 2018). Minor C. meleagridis infection has been reported in the colon of birds (chickens and turkeys) and mice; however, the infection intensity was low relative to that in the small intestine, which was the major site of infection (Pavlásek, 1994; Akiyoshi et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The First Evidence of Cryptosporidium meleagridis Infection in a Colon Adenocarcinoma From an Immunocompetent Patient

Kopacz

Kváč

Karpiński

et al. 2019

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Objectives: The potential linkage between Cryptosporidium spp. infection and colorectal human cancer was suggested by limited reports showing higher prevalence of C. parvum and C. hominis in patients with colon cancer. Here we conducted research concerning presence of Cryptosporidium spp. in malignant tissue collected from patients with colorectal cancer. Methods: Cancerous colon tissue samples collected from 145 non-HIV infected patients with colorectal cancer were screened for Cryptosporidium spp. by immunofluorescence antibody test and genus-specific nested polymerase chain reaction followed by sequencing. Results: Screened pathogen was found in cancerous tissue originating from immunocompetent man with colon adenocarcinoma. Genotyping revealed presence of Cryptosporidium meleagridis . The presence of Cryptosporidium life cycle stages (oocysts and endogenous stages) in colon carcinoma tissue was confirmed by genus-specific FITC-labeling. Conclusions: Herein, we report on a C. meleagridis infection of a colon adenocarcinoma in an immunocompetent patient. This is the first report of C. meleagridis infection in the human colon and first evidence of active development of this species in cancer tissue.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The First Evidence of Cryptosporidium meleagridis Infection in a Colon Adenocarcinoma From an Immunocompetent Patient

Kopacz

Kváč

Karpiński

et al. 2019

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…The fact that Cryptosporidium spp. are the most prevalent parasites in this population reinforces the need for its detection in routine laboratories using sensitive and specific methods 8 , 34 - 36 . Although microscopy is most commonly used to diagnose cryptosporidiosis in Brazil, it can only be performed by trained personnel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. obtained from fecal samples of immunosuppressed patients from Brazil

Cunha

Jann

Lugon

et al. 2022

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Background: Cryptosporidium spp. are pathogenic protozoans that play an important role in developing diseases in the elderly, children, and immunosuppressed individuals. Methods: The objective of this study was to detect and genetically characterize Cryptosporidium spp. in kidney transplanted patients (n = 97 samples; group 1) and immunosuppressed individuals from an outpatient clinic suspected of having Cryptosporidium infection (n = 53 samples; group 2). All fecal samples were analyzed by parasitological stool examination, immunochromatographic test, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). Cryptosporidium -positive samples were tested using nested PCR for the gp60 gene, followed by sequencing for subtype determination. Results: Parasitological examination was negative in all Group 1, and positive in four Group 2 samples. Real-time PCR revealed Cryptosporidium in 13 samples: four in Group 1 (three C. hominis and one C. parvum ) and nine in Group 2 (seven C. hominis , one C. parvum , and one mixed C. hominis/C. parvum ). The immunochromatographic test was reactive in 11 samples (four in Group 1 and seven in Group 2). All 11 C. hominis isolates were identified as subtype IbA10G2 and one C. parvum as subtype IIbA15G2R1. All C. hominis belonged to subtype IbA10G2, which is recognized as the most prevalent and pathogenic subtype. Conclusions: This study showed, for the first time, that the presence of Cryptosporidium subtypes is considered more virulent in Brazilian transplanted kidney patients.

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“…35 Cryptosporidiosis poses substantial risks in immunocompromised individuals, particularly HSCT patients as the resulting diarrhea and malabsorption can have devastating consequences. 36 Several studies have reported cases of Cryptosporidiosis in HSCT patients who underwent either autologous 13,37 or allogeneic HSCT, 11,13,[38][39][40][41][42] with more cases being reported in recipients of allogeneic HSCT. In most of the reported cases, the infection is presumed to have been acquired de novo, likely through water or food contaminated with feces containing the oocysts.…”

Section: Cryptosporidiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main clinical feature of cryptosporidiosis in both immunocompetent hosts, as well as immunocompromised patients with HSCT, is watery diarrhea, with the latter patient population being more prone to developing severe and intractable diarrhea. 38,40 Diagnosis of Cryptosporidiosis is typically made by acid-fast staining of stool cysts, real-time PCR detection of cryptosporidium cysts, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assessment of antigens. 44,45 However, in HSCT recipients, since cryptosporidiosis presents similarly to gastrointestinal GVHD, some patients were only diagnosed with cryptosporidiosis after a colonoscopy with biopsy was done.…”

Section: Cryptosporidiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients

Haque,

Muhsen,

Rasheed

et al. 2023

Transplant Infectious Dis

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Introduction: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a vital treatment for various hematological disorders. However, HSCT recipients face increased risks of infectious complications due to immunosuppression. Parasitic infections are a significant concern in this vulnerable population and can lead to substantial morbidity and mortality. This review examines parasitic infections in HSCT recipients, focusing on major infections affecting different organ systems, including intestinal parasites (Giardia spp., Entamoeba histolytica, and Cryptosporidium spp.), hematologic parasites (Plasmodium spp. and Babesia spp.), and tissue/visceral parasites (Toxoplasma gondii, Leishmania spp., and Trypanosoma cruzi). Methods: A systematic search of relevant literature was conducted and included studies up to August 2023. Databases included PubMed, Google Scholar, were queried using specific keywords related to parasitic infections in HSCT patients. The epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and treatment approaches for each infection were evaluated. Results and Conclusion: Knowing the epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical presentations are crucial for timely intervention and successful management. By emphasizing early detection, effective therapies, and the unique challenges posed by each of these infections, this review highlights the importance of tailored strategies for HSCT recipients. Future research can further refine management protocols to enhance care and outcomes for these patients.

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Cryptosporidiosis in a transplant recipient with severe intractable diarrhea: Detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts by intestinal biopsies

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

The First Evidence of Cryptosporidium meleagridis Infection in a Colon Adenocarcinoma From an Immunocompetent Patient

The First Evidence of Cryptosporidium meleagridis Infection in a Colon Adenocarcinoma From an Immunocompetent Patient

Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. obtained from fecal samples of immunosuppressed patients from Brazil

Parasitic infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients

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