Cryptosporidiosis caused by Cryptosporidium parvum subtype IIdA15G1 at a dairy farm in Northwestern China

Cui, Zhaohui; Wang, Rongjun; Huang, Jianying; Wang, Haiyan; Zhao, Jinfeng; Luo, Nannan; Li, Junqiang; Zhang, Zhenjie; Zhang, Longxian

doi:10.1186/s13071-014-0529-z

Cited by 59 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…(89/232). Compared to subsequent studies conducted in pre-weaned dairy calves of China, of which calves ages strictly less than 2 months, the prevalence of Cryptosporidium was similar to several reports in Shanghai (37.0%, 303/818) [10], Heilongjiang Province (33.2%, 86/259) [11], Ningxia Autonomous Region (referred to as Ningxia hereafter) (31.0%, 49/158) [12]. The prevalence higher than reports in Shaanxi (24.7%, 46/186) [13], Guangdong (24.0%, 93/388) [14], Henan (21.5%, 172/801) [15], Hubei (15.8%, 42/265) [16], Xinjiang (15.6%, 37/237) [9], Sichuan (14.4%, 40/278) humans and cattle in Europe, North America and Australia [4].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium parvum in neonatal calves in Xinjiang, China

Zhang

Wei

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background The Cryptosporidium causes infection in wide spectrum of vertebrate hosts and is well known for leading to diarrhea and other gastrointestinal illness. To assess Cryptosporidium genetic diversity in neonatal calves and probe the cause for diarrhea of them, a total of 232 fecal samples from neonatal calves in 12 farms in Xinjiang were characterized for the presence of Cryptosporidium .Results The prevalence of Cryptosporidium was 38.4% (89/232), and three species were detected with SSU rRNA gene, including C. parvum (n = 88), C. ryanae (n = 9), and C. bovis (n = 1). Prevalence of C . parvum neonatal calves with diarrhea (52.6%, 51/97) was significantly higher than calves without diarrhea (28.1%, 38/135). All the C . parvum -positive samples were analyzed based on gp60 gene, IIdA15G1 (n = 35), IIdA20G1 (n = 21), IIdA14G1 (n = 17), and IIdA19G1 (n = 13) were successfully subtyped in this study.Conclusions These data indicated that C . parvum was a major contributor in diarrheal disease in neonatal calves, and C . parvum subtypes from neonatal calves in Xinjiang were high genetic diversity. Additionally, our findings implicating neonatal calves could be a potential source of human Cryptosporidium infection and provide further evidence for the uniqueness of C . parvum IId subtypes in cattle in China.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium parvum in neonatal calves in Xinjiang, China

Zhang

Wei

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…In one recent study in Estonia, however, the C. parvum subtype IIaA18G1R1 was identified as the cause of a cryptosporidiosis outbreak in pre-weaned dairy calves (Niine et al, 2018). Similarly in China, the only reported bovine cryptosporidiosis outbreak was caused by the C. parvum subtype IIdA15G1 (Cui et al, 2014). That outbreak occurred on a dairy farm in Ningxia, northwestern China, leading to the death of 356 calves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…considered one of the most important causes of diarrhea and enteritis in neonatal calves globally (Blanchard, 2012;Cho and Yoon, 2014;Wang et al, 2017). Recently, several cryptosporidiosis outbreaks have been reported in neonatal calves in Australia, Estonia, India and China, resulting in high mortality and substantial economic losses (Izzo et al, 2011;Randhawa et al, 2012;Cui et al, 2014;Brar et al, 2017;Niine et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreak of cryptosporidiosis due to Cryptosporidium parvum subtype IIdA19G1 in neonatal calves on a dairy farm in China

Wang

Cai

et al. 2019

International Journal for Parasitology

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a b s t r a c tNeonatal diarrhea is one of the most important syndromes in dairy cattle. Among enteropathogens, Cryptosporidium spp. are primary causes of diarrhea, but outbreaks due to cryptosporidiosis are rarely reported in cattle. From January to April in 2016, severe diarrhea was observed in over 400 neonatal dairy calves on a large dairy farm in Jiangsu Province of East China. Approximately 360 calves died due to watery diarrhea despite antibiotic therapy. In this study, 18 fecal specimens were collected from seriously ill calves on this farm during the diarrhea outbreak, and analysed for common enteropathogens by enzymatic immunoassay (EIA). In a post-outbreak investigation, 418 and 1372 specimens collected from animals of various age groups were further analysed for rotavirus and Cryptosporidium spp. by EIA and PCR, respectively, to assess their roles in the occurrence of diarrhea on the farm. Cryptosporidium spp. were genotyped using established techniques. Initial EIA tests showed that 15/18 seriously ill calves during the outbreak were positive for Cryptosporidium parvum, while 8/18 were positive for rotavirus. The overall infection rate of Cryptosporidium in pre-weaned calves on the farm was 22.7%, with odds of the Cryptosporidium infection during the outbreak 4.4-23.5 times higher than after the outbreak. Four Cryptosporidium spp. were identified after the outbreak including C. parvum (n = 79), Cryptosporidium ryanae (n = 48), Cryptosporidium bovis (n = 31), and Cryptosporidium andersoni (n = 3), with co-infections of multiple species being detected in 34 animals. Infection with C. parvum (73/79) was found in the majority of calves aged 3 weeks, consistent with the age of ill calves during the outbreak. All C. parvum isolates were identified as subtype IIdA19G1. In the post-outbreak investigation, C. parvum infection was associated with the occurrence of watery diarrhea in pre-weaned calves, C. ryanae infection was associated with moderate diarrhea in both pre-and post-weaned calves, while no association was identified between rotavirus infection and the occurrence of diarrhea. Results of logistic regression analysis further suggested that C. bovis infection might also be a risk factor for moderate diarrhea in calves. Thus, we believe this is the first report of a major outbreak of severe diarrhea caused by C. parvum IIdA19G1 in dairy calves. More attention should be directed toward preventing the dissemination of this virulent subtype in China.Ó

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“…CRYPTOSPORIDIUM spp., Giardia duodenalis , and Enterocytozoon bieneusi are common enteric parasites in humans, livestock, pets, and wildlife (Cui et al. ; Feng and Xiao ; Liu et al. ; Ryan and Hijjawi ; Santín and Fayer ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CRYPTOSPORIDIUM spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi are common enteric parasites in humans, livestock, pets, and wildlife (Cui et al 2014;Feng and Xiao 2011;Liu et al 2014;Ryan and Hijjawi 2015;Sant ın and Fayer 2011). They are the main causative agents of self-limiting diarrhea or of severe debilitating illnesses in immunocompromised individuals, especially patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (Agholi et al 2013;Cui et al 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Captive Wildlife at Zhengzhou Zoo, China

Chang

et al. 2015

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi are common gastrointestinal protists in humans and animals. Two hundred and three fecal specimens from 80 wildlife species were collected in Zhengzhou Zoo and their genomic DNA extracted. Three intestinal pathogens were characterized with a DNA sequence analysis of different loci. Cryptosporidium felis, C. baileyi, and avian genotype III were identified in three specimens (1.5%), the manul, red-crowned crane, and cockatiel, respectively. Giardia duodenalis was also found in five specimens (2.5%) firstly: assemblage B in a white-cheeked gibbon and beaver, and assemblage F in a Chinese leopard and two Siberian tigers, respectively. Thirteen genotypes of E. bieneusi (seven previously reported genotypes and six new genotypes) were detected in 32 specimens (15.8%), of which most were reported for the first time. A phylogenetic analysis of E. bieneusi showed that five genotypes (three known and two new) clustered in group 1; three known genotypes clustered in group 2; one known genotype clustered in group 4; and the remaining four genotypes clustered in a new group. In conclusion, zoonotic Cryptosporidium spp., G. duodenalis, and E. bieneusi are maintained in wildlife and transmitted between them. Zoonotic disease outbreaks of these infectious agents possibly originate in wildlife reservoirs.

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Cryptosporidiosis caused by Cryptosporidium parvum subtype IIdA15G1 at a dairy farm in Northwestern China

Cited by 59 publications

References 51 publications

Genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium parvum in neonatal calves in Xinjiang, China

Genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium parvum in neonatal calves in Xinjiang, China

Outbreak of cryptosporidiosis due to Cryptosporidium parvum subtype IIdA19G1 in neonatal calves on a dairy farm in China

Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Captive Wildlife at Zhengzhou Zoo, China

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