Cryptorchidism in Egyptian neonates

Zakaria, Mostafa; Azab, Sherif; Baz, Mohamed El; Fawaz, Lubna; Bahagat, Amro

doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2012.10.024

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…9446589758092824076104105 Two separate meta-analyses have confirmed this association, 100,106 with the most recent including information from 25 studies and observing a 17% increased risk of cryptorchidism among boys born to mothers who smoked tobacco during pregnancy (pooled OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.11–1.23). 100 To put this into perspective, the association between maternal smoking and the development of cryptorchidism is comparable to that observed for smoking and cleft lip defect (OR range 1.2–1.6).…”

Section: Tobaccomentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Most studies to date have employed an ‘any-use’ means of measuring tobacco exposure, and/or have collected smoking status data at relatively arbitrary times during the antenatal period. 465488910880,9467578408298 This means that most studies ignore plausible dose-response relationships between the number of cigarettes smoked per day and cryptorchidism development, for which there is some evidence: Jensen et al observed increasing risk of cryptorchidism with increasing numbers of cigarettes smoked per day (albeit with wide confidence intervals). 105 It also means that most studies ignore the possibility that the timing of tobacco exposure is important (including timing of cessation among those who quit during pregnancy).…”

Section: Tobaccomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…105 It also means that most studies ignore the possibility that the timing of tobacco exposure is important (including timing of cessation among those who quit during pregnancy). One conceivable (though probably simplistic) explanation for why several studies have observed a null 66810879 or weak 9446548807892408298 association between maternal smoking and cryptorchidism might be due to poor data quality and/or incomplete analytical accounting for the intensity and timing of smoking. An exception to this is the study by Mongraw-Chaffin et al, 95 which collected comprehensive prospective data on tobacco exposure during pregnancy and found a null (if not weak negative) result.…”

Section: Tobaccomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…758079105104 For example, Jensen et al 105 observed that paternal smoking during pregnancy increased the odds of cryptorchidism by 60% (unadjusted OR: 1.6, 95% CI 1.2–2.3).…”

Section: Tobaccomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,34,48,81,83,89,189,190886887758640187828480778,92 For example, recent observations from a New Zealand birth cohort showed that the prevalence of all three of these markers within boys with orchidopexy-confirmed cryptorchidism was approximately twice that observed among non-cryptorchid boys. 189 In addition, relative foetal growth restriction is also associated with cryptorchidism: Jensen et al 34 observed that a twin born with cryptorchidism was, on average, 136g lighter (95% CI 70–202) than a non-cryptorchid male twin.…”

Section: Gestational Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors for cryptorchidism

et al. 2017

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The condition known as cryptorchidism – undescended testis – is one of the most common congenital abnormalities found among males, and is one of the few known risk factors for testicular cancer (TC). Like testicular cancer, the key exposures in the occurrence of cryptorchidism remain elusive. Testicular descent is thought to occur during two hormonally-controlled phases – between 8–15 weeks and 25–35 weeks gestation – and while it is clear that a failure of testes to descend permanently is likely due to disruptions to one or both of these phases, the cause(s) and mechanism(s) of such disruption are still unclear. In this manuscript, we review the broad range of putative risk factors that have been evaluated in relation to the development of cryptorchidism to date, discuss their plausibility, and make suggestions regarding further approaches to understand aetiology. There are few exposures for which there is consistent evidence of an association with cryptorchidism; and in those cases where evidence appears unequivocal – for example, the relationship between cryptorchidism and gestational measures such as low birth weight – the measured exposure is likely to be a surrogate for the true causal exposure. The relative importance of each risk factor may vary considerably between mother/son pairs depending on an array of genetic, maternal, placental and foetal factors – all of which could vary between regions.

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Section: Tobaccomentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Tobaccomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tobaccomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…758079105104 For example, Jensen et al 105 observed that paternal smoking during pregnancy increased the odds of cryptorchidism by 60% (unadjusted OR: 1.6, 95% CI 1.2–2.3).…”

Section: Tobaccomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gestational Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Risk factors for cryptorchidism

et al. 2017

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Aktuelle Defizite in der Therapie des Maldeszensus testis – Analyse eines Pädiaters

Hensel

Wirth

2015

Aktuel Urol

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Cryptorchidism is the most common disorder in paediatric surgery in the Western world and a major risk factor for subfertility and malignancy. In 2009, German national guidelines were changed to recommend that treatment for undescended testes should be completed by the age of 1 instead of 2. However, the share of boys undergoing orchidopexy for cryptorchidism within the first year of life has only marginally increased in response to the guideline of the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF). The number of orchidopexies performed in children below the age of 1 is too low both in Germany as well as internationally. The majority of primary care physicians treating children do not seem to be aware of this discrepancy between guideline recommendations and average actual age at orchidopexy. Moreover, a considerable number of cryptorchidism cases seem to be due to secondary ascent of the testis - an underappreciated condition that usually occurs at school age. Consequently, the timing of orchidopexy in primary undescended testes must be optimised. Therefore, education of parents and primary care physicians regarding the necessity of early orchidopexy and frequent testicular examinations even beyond infancy is mandatory to improve the prognosis of cryptorchidism regarding subfertility and malignancy. Further studies are needed to clarify the reasons for the large number of late orchidopexies.

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