Cryptorchidism and Testicular Neoplasia

Giwercman, Aleksander; Müller, Jørn; Skakkebæk, Niels E.

doi:10.1159/000181053

Cited by 48 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Testicular maldescent occurs bilaterally in 10±15% of cases, and both the bilateral and unilateral condition are known to be associated with increased risk of malignancy and altered spermatogenesis, which may lead to infertility, (Kogan, 1987;Lee, 1993). The pathogenesis of these two sequelae remains unclear, since they might be due to an underlying intrinsic Figure 1ÐPerineal view of testicular descent and measurement of testicular diameter (TD=12.7 mm) at 33 weeks' gestation disorder of the testis in addition to the consequences of its abdominal location (Giwercman et al, 1988). Recently, the existence of a genetic basis to explain the etiology of cryptorchidism has been suggested (Reijo et al, 1995;Foresta et al, 1998;Grimaldi et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal measurement of testicular diameter by ultrasonography: development of fetal male gender and evaluation of testicular descent

Rotondi¹,

Valenzano²,

Bilancioni³

et al. 2001

Prenat. Diagn.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal measurement of testicular diameter by ultrasonography: development of fetal male gender and evaluation of testicular descent

Rotondi¹,

Valenzano²,

Bilancioni³

et al. 2001

Prenat. Diagn.

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“…Early treatment of maldescended testes is justified for various reasons: to avoid trauma and/or torsion for which they are more exposed [lo]; for the high risk of malignancy changes in the maldescended testes [7,11,18,341; to lower the risk of infertility as a consequence of the structural testicular alterations [6, 7, 22, 31-33]; and to avoid future psychological adverse reactions. There are numerous reports on the hormonal treatment of cryptorchidism, but there is still great controversy between those who advocate surgery as the first therapeutic alternative [26,381 and those who recommend hormonal treatment before surgery 1119, 20, 321.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptorchidism: Treatment with Human Chorionic Gonadotropin—a Venezuelan Experience

et al. 1997

Archives of Andrology

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“…38 Fifty percent of patients diagnosed with CIS of the testis develop invasive testicular cancer within 5 years of diagnosis. 26 It is thought that all patients who harbour CIS cells at puberty will eventually develop testicular cancer. 39 The association between CIS and testicular cancer was first described in 1972.…”

Section: Incidence Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27 Nausea in pregnancy has been associated with a 4-fold increase in risk of testicular cancer. 26 However, the most recent studies examining nausea in pregnancy found no excess risk 27,33,48 or a protective effect. 42,47 The measurement of nausea in pregnancy is difficult and usually requires the mother to remember an event that occurred 30 years ago.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of testicular cancer: An overview

Garner

Turner

Ghadirian

et al. 2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

239

191

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Testicular cancer is a rare disease, accounting for 1.1% of all malignant neoplasms in Canadian males. Despite the low overall incidence of testicular cancer, it is the most common malignancy among young men. The incidence rate of testicular cancer has been increasing since the middle of the 20th century in many western countries. However, the etiology of testicular cancer is not well understood. A search of the peer-reviewed literature was conducted to identify important articles for review and inclusion in this overview of the epidemiology of testicular cancer. Most of the established risk factors are related to early life events, including cryptorchidism, carcinoma in situ and in utero exposure to estrogens. Occupational, lifestyle, socioeconomic and other risk factors have demonstrated mixed associations with testicular cancer. Although there are few established risk factors for testicular cancer, some appear to be related to hormonal balance at various life stages. Lifestyle and occupational exposures occurring later in life may play a role in promoting the disease, although they are not likely involved in cancer initiation. In addition to summarizing the current epidemiologic evidence on risk factors for testicular cancer, we suggest future research directions that may elucidate the etiology of testicular cancer. ' 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Over the last 30 years, many studies have sought to discover factors associated with the development and promotion of testicular cancer. At present, however, there are few well-established risk factors for this disease, most notably cryptorchidism and age. For the most part, the etiology of testicular cancer remains unknown.This article provides an overview of risk factors that have been associated with testicular cancer to date. The purpose of this overview is to summarize the scientific literature on the epidemiology of testicular cancer, thereby providing a guide for future research that will advance our knowledge of testicular cancer etiology. Our overview is based on a detailed literature search dating to the late 1960s that was carried out through electronic databases and Medline. The publications considered in this overview are reliable scientific articles on the etiology of testicular cancer from different parts of the world. Incidence trendsThe worldwide incidence of testicular cancer has doubled over the last 40 years.1 In most countries, testicular cancer is rare, with an age-standardized incidence rate ranging from about 1/100,000 in Asian and African/African-American populations to 9.2/ 100,000 in Denmark (Table I).2 The age distribution of testicular cancer is distinct from that for other cancers, with the majority of cases occurring between the ages of 25-35.3 A second, much smaller, peak occurs after 80 years of age.3-5 Testicular cancer incidence varies markedly by race, with blacks and other nonwhite races exhibiting extremely low rates in comparison to white populations.

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Cryptorchidism and Testicular Neoplasia

Cited by 48 publications

References 32 publications

Prenatal measurement of testicular diameter by ultrasonography: development of fetal male gender and evaluation of testicular descent

Prenatal measurement of testicular diameter by ultrasonography: development of fetal male gender and evaluation of testicular descent

Cryptorchidism: Treatment with Human Chorionic Gonadotropin—a Venezuelan Experience

Epidemiology of testicular cancer: An overview

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