Cryptophagus subtilis: a new parasite of cryptophytes affiliated with the Perkinsozoa lineage

Brugerolle, Guy

doi:10.1078/0932-4739-00837

Cited by 62 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…There are also other reports of freshwater parasites with an outer morphology resembling Perkinsus (for example, a parasite of the freshwater cryptomonad Chilomonas paramecium), but there are no sequences available for these species (Brugerolle, 2002(Brugerolle, , 2003. Considering the position of the Rana parasite among the Perkinsea sequences in the tree (Figure 2), as well as the evidence from other studies indicating that putative members of Perkinsea are infecting a wide range of species, such as mollusks, frogs, dinoflagellates and cryptomonads (Brugerolle, 2002(Brugerolle, , 2003Green et al, 2003;Villalba et al, 2004;Davis et al, 2007), we suspect that the entire Perkinsea is parasitic. This is very important to clarify because it would alter the present view of the role of picoeukaryotes in 'microbial loops' and the carbon cycle in aquatic systems.…”

Section: Unknown Perkinsea Diversity In Marine and Freshwatersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, the Perkinsus and Parvilucifera (members of Perkinsea) and MA have only been identified in marine environments (Noren et al, 1999;Villalba et al, 2004;Groisillier et al, 2006;Guillou et al, 2008;Leander and Hoppenrath, 2008). However, microscopy observations, as well as reports of deeply diverging alveolate 18S rDNA sequences, point to the existence of freshwater Perkinsea species (Brugerolle, 2002(Brugerolle, , 2003Green et al, 2003;Richards et al, 2005;Davis et al, 2007;Lefèvre et al, 2008;Lepère et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Freshwater Perkinsea and marine-freshwater colonizations revealed by pyrosequencing and phylogeny of environmental rDNA

et al. 2010

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Protist parasites are ecologically important, as they can have great impact on host population dynamics and functioning of entire ecosystems. Nevertheless, little is known about their prevalence in aquatic habitats. Here, we investigate the diversity and distributional patterns of the protist parasites Perkinsus and Parvilucifera (Perkinsea). Our approach included 454 pyrosequencing of the 18S rDNA gene obtained from a high-altitude lake (Lake Finsevatn, Norway) and phylogenetic analyses of all publicly available sequences related to Perkinsea. The applied PCR primers target a 450 bp region that encompass the variable V4 region of the 18S rDNA gene and have been optimized for the Titanium upgrade of the 454 technology. Nearly 5000 sequences longer than 150 bp were recovered from nearly all eukaryotic supergroups, and of those, 13 unique sequences were affiliated to Perkinsea. Thus, our new strategy for 454 amplicon sequencing was able to recover a large diversity of distantly related eukaryotes and previously unknown species of Perkinsea. In addition, we identified 40 Perkinsea sequences in GenBank generated by other recent diversity surveys. Importantly, phylogenetic analyses of these sequences identified 17 habitat-specific marine and freshwater clades . Hence, only a few successful transitions between these habitats have taken place over the entire history of Perkinsea, suggesting that the boundary between marine and fresh waters may constitute a barrier to cross-colonizations for intracellular parasites.

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Section: Unknown Perkinsea Diversity In Marine and Freshwatersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freshwater Perkinsea and marine-freshwater colonizations revealed by pyrosequencing and phylogeny of environmental rDNA

et al. 2010

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“…Phylogenetic analysis has shown that Perkinsea are a deeply divergent sister-group of dinoflagellate alveolates (16). Only three representative groups of Perkinsea were previously described morphologically and taxonomically: Perkinsus spp., parasites of marine bivalves (e.g., oysters and clams), Parvilucifera spp., parasites of dinoflagellates, and Rastrimonas subtilis (previously Cryptophagus subtilis), parasites of cryptophyte algae (17)(18)(19)(20). However, environmental sequence Significance Amphibians are among the most threatened animal groups.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cryptic infection of a broad taxonomic and geographic diversity of tadpoles by Perkinsea protists

Chambouvet

Gower

Jirků

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The decline of amphibian populations, particularly frogs, is often cited as an example in support of the claim that Earth is undergoing its sixth mass extinction event. Amphibians seem to be particularly sensitive to emerging diseases (e.g., fungal and viral pathogens), yet the diversity and geographic distribution of infectious agents are only starting to be investigated. Recent work has linked a previously undescribed protist with mass-mortality events in the United States, in which infected frog tadpoles have an abnormally enlarged yellowish liver filled with protist cells of a presumed parasite. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that this infectious agent was affiliated with the Perkinsea: a parasitic group within the alveolates exemplified by Perkinsus sp., a “marine” protist responsible for mass-mortality events in commercial shellfish populations. Using small subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing, we developed a targeted PCR protocol for preferentially sampling a clade of the Perkinsea. We tested this protocol on freshwater environmental DNA, revealing a wide diversity of Perkinsea lineages in these environments. Then, we used the same protocol to test for Perkinsea-like lineages in livers of 182 tadpoles from multiple families of frogs. We identified a distinct Perkinsea clade, encompassing a low level of SSU rDNA variation different from the lineage previously associated with tadpole mass-mortality events. Members of this clade were present in 38 tadpoles sampled from 14 distinct genera/phylogroups, from five countries across three continents. These data provide, to our knowledge, the first evidence that Perkinsea-like protists infect tadpoles across a wide taxonomic range of frogs in tropical and temperate environments, including oceanic islands.

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“…Moreover, the recurrent presence of sequences affiliated with parasitic groups has been highlighted in lakes of various trophic statuses (22,23). Lepère et al (25) reported the unexpected importance of two groups: first, fungi affiliated with two clades of chytrids known as parasites of various groups of microalgae; and second, members of the phylum Perkinsozoa belonging to two clades closely related to Perkinsus marinus and Parvilucifera infectans, which are parasites of bivalves and dinoflagellates, respectively (30), and whose systematic position has been controversial, since they are phylogenetically related to the Apicomplexa or the Dinoflagellata (6,13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Community Structure and Dynamics of Small Eukaryotes Targeted by New Oligonucleotide Probes: New Insight into the Lacustrine Microbial Food Web

Mangot

Lepère

Bouvier

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The seasonal dynamics of the small eukaryotic fraction (cell diameter, 0.2 to 5 m) was investigated in a mesotrophic lake by tyramide signal amplification-fluorescence in situ hybridization targeting seven different phylogenetic groups: Chlorophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Cryptophyceae, Cercozoa, LKM11, Perkinsozoa (two clades), and Fungi. The abundance of small eukaryotes ranged from 1,692 to 10,782 cells ml Recently developed molecular methods based on the amplification and sequencing of rRNA genes have made it possible to investigate picoeukaryote assemblage composition (pigmented or nonpigmented unicellular eukaryotes with cell diameters of Ͻ2 m or Ͻ5 m according to the studies) in various aquatic systems, independently of morphological identification and cultivation (14,23,27,28,29,39). The essential role of picoplankton (both eukaryotic and prokaryotic) as a contributor to plankton biomass and to carbon and nutrient cycling has long been established (9), but the unexpected diversity among the smallest eukaryotes (cell diameters, Ͻ5 m) was only recently revealed. Most of these data were obtained in oceanic systems, but a few recent studies conducted in lakes have also highlighted the broad diversity of 18S rRNA sequences affiliated with numerous phylogenetic groups: Chlorophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Cryptophyceae, Cercozoa, Fungi, Choanoflagellida, Bicosoecida, Ciliophora, Haptophyceae, Perkinsozoa, LKM11, Hyphochytridiomycota, Katablepharidaceae, Dinophyceae, and Eustigmatophyceae (22,23,24,34). Thus, it has been possible to observe clear seasonal changes in smalleukaryote structure in an oligomesotrophic lake (23), and the lake-based studies generally report a dominance of heterotrophic cells within the lacustrine small-eukaryote assemblage. Moreover, the recurrent presence of sequences affiliated with parasitic groups has been highlighted in lakes of various trophic statuses (22,23). Lepère et al. (25) reported the unexpected importance of two groups: first, fungi affiliated with two clades of chytrids known as parasites of various groups of microalgae; and second, members of the phylum Perkinsozoa belonging to two clades closely related to Perkinsus marinus and Parvilucifera infectans, which are parasites of bivalves and dinoflagellates, respectively (30), and whose systematic position has been controversial, since they are phylogenetically related to the Apicomplexa or the Dinoflagellata (6, 13).Although these data brought new insight into the structural diversity of lacustrine small eukaryotes, the relative importance, dynamics, and functional roles of these microorganisms from various phylogenetic groups are still largely unknown. We now need to research specific in situ abundances of previously undetected taxa. In this study, specially developed oligonucleotide probes, designed on the basis of molecular data obtained from sequencing (20,21,22,23,24,25,34), were used for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) coupled with tyramide signal amplification (TSA) to investigate the composition, abundance, and dy...

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Cryptophagus subtilis: a new parasite of cryptophytes affiliated with the Perkinsozoa lineage

Cited by 62 publications

References 22 publications

Freshwater Perkinsea and marine-freshwater colonizations revealed by pyrosequencing and phylogeny of environmental rDNA

Freshwater Perkinsea and marine-freshwater colonizations revealed by pyrosequencing and phylogeny of environmental rDNA

Cryptic infection of a broad taxonomic and geographic diversity of tadpoles by Perkinsea protists

Community Structure and Dynamics of Small Eukaryotes Targeted by New Oligonucleotide Probes: New Insight into the Lacustrine Microbial Food Web

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