Cryptomelane: A tool to determine the age and the physical–chemical regime of a Plio-Pleistocene weathering zone in a granitic terrain (Hagendorf, SE Germany)

Dill, Harald G.; Hansen, Bent; Keck, Erich; Weber, B.

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.05.004

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In one deposit of cryptomelane, a direct comparison has been conducted and yielded an age of formation of 4.20 ± 0.33 Ma for cryptomelane while torbernite gave an age of 4.55 ± 0.02 Ma. Thereby they furnish convincing evidence to belong to the same Pliocene groundwater system and cast in to the role of environment markers [48,49].…”

Section: Composition and Age Of Formation Of The Mineral Association Of The Supergene Alterationmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Both methods do not cover the period of time from the late Pleistocene through the Neogene relevant for the current investigation. Therefore, only the classical U/Pb and K/Ar or Ar/Ar age dating methods appropriate for K-bearing manganese oxide-hydrate and uriniferous silicates and phosphates can successfully been used [47][48][49][50]. In a few places where syngenetic organic matter has been identified in Neogene sediments palynology may be useful [51].…”

Section: Laboratory Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Straight to Low-Sinuosity Drainage Systems in a Variscan-Type Orogen—Constraints from Tectonics, Lithology and Climate

2021

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A holistic-modular approach has been taken to study the evolution of three straight to low-sinuosity drainage systems (=SSS) in an uplifted basement block of the Central European Variscides. The development of the SSS is described by means of a quadripartite model. (1) The geological framework of the SSS: Forming the lithological and structural features in the bedrock as a result of different temperature, pressure and dynamic-metamorphic processes. (2) Prestage of SSS: Forming the paleo-landscape with a stable fluvial regime as a starting point for the SSS. (3) Proto-SSS: Transition into the metastable fluvial regime of the SSS. (4) Modern SSS: Operation of the metastable fluvial regime Tectonics plays a dual role. Late Paleozoic fold tectonic creates the basis for the studied SSS and has a guiding effect on the development of morphotectonic units during the Neogene and Quaternary. Late Cenozoic fault tectonics triggered the SSS to incise into the Paleozoic basement. The change in the bedrock lithology has an impact on the fluvial and colluvial sediments as well as their landforms. The latter reflects a conspicuous modification: straight drainage system ⇒ higher sinuosity and paired terraces ⇒ hillwash plains. Climate change has an indirect effect controlling via the bedrock the intensity of mechanical and chemical weathering. The impact on the development of the SSS can be assessed as follows: Tectonics >> climate ≅ bedrock lithology. The three parameters cause a facies zonation: (1) wide-and-shallow valley (Miocene), (2) wide-angle V-shaped valley (Plio-Pleistocene), (3) acute-angle V-shaped valley (Pleistocene), (4) V-shaped to U-shaped valleys (Pleistocene-Holocene). Numerical data relevant for the hydrographic studies of the SSS are determined in each reference area: (1) Quantification of fluvial and colluvial deposits along the drainage system, (2) slope angles, (3) degree of sinuosity as a function of river facies, (4) grain size distribution, (5) grain morphological categorization, (6) grain orientation (“situmetry”), (7) channel density, (8) channel/floodplain ratios. Thermodynamic computations (Eh, pH, concentration of solubles) are made to constrain the paleoclimatic regime during formation of the SSS. The current model of the SSS is restricted in its application to the basement of the Variscan-Type orogens, to an intermediate crustal maturity state.

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Section: Composition and Age Of Formation Of The Mineral Association Of The Supergene Alterationmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Laboratory Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Straight to Low-Sinuosity Drainage Systems in a Variscan-Type Orogen—Constraints from Tectonics, Lithology and Climate

2021

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“…Emerging techniques that allow dating of minerals formed above and below the redox front allow the residence times of the minerals and the depth of post-formational erosion to be estimated. For example, age estimates can be derived from meteoric 10 Be inventories in saprolites (Ebert et al 2012; Duxbury et al 2015), K–Ar dating of authigenic illite soil clays (Fredin et al 2017) and Mn oxides (Dill et al 2010b) and high-resolution mass spectrometry of U phosphates and silicates (Dill et al 2010a). In zones of low glacial erosion, cosmogenic nuclide inventories from depth profiles in quarries and tor interiors (Bierman & Caffee 2002), on quartz veins in MTD (Portenga et al 2013) and on dissected, till-covered shore platforms (Saillard et al 2009) also have potential for establishing erosion rates across a variety of geomorphological settings.…”

Section: Conclusion and Next Stepsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early and Middle Pleistocene environments, landforms and sediments in Scotland

Hall

Merritt

Connell

et al. 2018

Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Socie

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This paper reviews the changing environments, developing landforms and terrestrial stratigraphy during the Early and Middle Pleistocene stages in Scotland. Cold stages after 2.7 Ma brought mountain ice caps and lowland permafrost, but larger ice sheets were short-lived. The late Early and Middle Pleistocene sedimentary record found offshore indicates more than 10 advances of ice sheets from Scotland into the North Sea but only 4–5 advances have been identified from the terrestrial stratigraphy. Two primary modes of glaciation, mountain ice cap and full ice sheet modes, can be recognised. Different zones of glacial erosion in Scotland reflect this bimodal glaciation and the spatially and temporally variable dynamics at glacier beds. Depths of glacial erosion vary from almost zero in Buchan to hundreds of metres in glens in the western Highlands and in basins both onshore and offshore. The presence of tors and blockfields indicates repeated development of patches of cold-based, non-erosive glacier ice on summits and plateaux. In lowlands, chemical weathering continued to operate during interglacials, but gruss-type saprolites are mainly of Pliocene to Early Pleistocene age. The Middle Pleistocene terrestrial stratigraphic record in Scotland, whilst fragmentary and poorly dated, provides important and accessible evidence of changing glacial, periglacial and interglacial environments over at least three stadial–interstadial–interglacial cycles. The distributions of blockfields and tors and the erratic contents of glacial sediments indicate that the configuration, thermal regime and pattern of ice flow during MIS 6 were broadly comparable to those of the last ice sheet. Improved control over the ages of Early and Middle Pleistocene sediments, soils and saprolites and on long-term rates of weathering and erosion, combined with information on palaeoenvironments, ice extent and sea level, will in future allow development and testing of new models of Pleistocene tectonics, isostasy, sea-level change and ice sheet dynamics in Scotland.

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“…Comparisons with thick and clay-rich Pliocene palaeosols developed elsewhere in the Arctic (Glushkova and Smirnov, 2007) suggest that the weathering crusts in northern Finland probably represent younger weathering events. Future dating of supergene Mn minerals (Dill et al, 2010b) may provide a test of whether or not the thin weathering crusts represent types of early or middle Pleistocene palaeosols.…”

Section: Reconstruction Of Late Neogene Weathering Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cosmogenic isotopes from weathering profiles and tills can constrain weathering age and depths of shield erosion (Matmon et al, 2003;Ebert et al, 2012b;Refsnider and Miller, 2013). The penetration in fracture zones of supergene mineralisation to depths of N100 m in shield rocks (Drake et al, 2009) also provides opportunities to date weathering episodes and to better constrain denudation rates over 1-10 My time frames (Dill et al, 2010a(Dill et al, , 2010b. Improved dating of saprolites and secondary minerals is a key step for further constraining timescales for the development of large scale shield geomorphology.…”

Section: Implications For Glaciation Of Northern Shieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Cenozoic deep weathering patterns on the Fennoscandian shield in northern Finland: A window on ice sheet bed conditions at the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation

2015

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Cryptomelane: A tool to determine the age and the physical–chemical regime of a Plio-Pleistocene weathering zone in a granitic terrain (Hagendorf, SE Germany)

Cited by 29 publications

References 20 publications

Straight to Low-Sinuosity Drainage Systems in a Variscan-Type Orogen—Constraints from Tectonics, Lithology and Climate

Straight to Low-Sinuosity Drainage Systems in a Variscan-Type Orogen—Constraints from Tectonics, Lithology and Climate

Early and Middle Pleistocene environments, landforms and sediments in Scotland

Late Cenozoic deep weathering patterns on the Fennoscandian shield in northern Finland: A window on ice sheet bed conditions at the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation

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