Cryptococcosis due to Cryptococcus gattii in Germany from 2004–2013

Smith, Ilka McCormick; Stephan, Christoph; Hogardt, Michael; Klawe, Christoph; Tintelnot, Kathrin; Rickerts, Volker

doi:10.1016/j.ijmm.2015.08.023

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…( P <.0001), 66.6% of which were immunocompetent. These data are in accordance with other studies . Patients affected by C. gattii s.l .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…were older than those affected by C. neoformans s.l . ( P <.05), similar to that found in a German study …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Most patients affected by C. neoformans sensu lato have some kind of defective cell‐mediated immunity; also, cryptococcal meningitis is one of the most important HIV‐related opportunistic infections . Many studies have suggested that the C. gattii species complex affects mainly immunocompetent patients . This dogma has been changed by new evidence showing that some species of C. gattii species complex are actually isolated from immunocompromised individuals .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geographic distribution of patients affected by Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii species complexes meningitis, pigeon and tree populations in Southern Brazil

Tensini

Muro

Queiroz‐Telles

et al. 2016

Mycoses

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Cryptococcal meningitis is mainly caused by members of the C. neoformans/C. gattii species complexes. The ecological niches of Cryptococcus species have extensively been studied, but its epidemiological relationship with meningitis cases is still unknown. In this study, we estimate the relationship between cryptococcal meningitis cases and tree and pigeon populations, the classical niches of members of C. neoformans/C. gattii sensu lato. We analysed the records of every patient whose cerebrospinal fluid culture yielded Cryptococcus spp. during the last 30 years at Clinical Hospital of Curitiba. Data about Curitiba's pigeon and tree distribution were obtained from Curitiba's Secretaries of Zoonosis and Environment archives. We used ArcGis9 software to plot the distribution of the pigeon and tree populations in this city as well as cryptococcal meningitis cases, distinguishing them according to the causal agent in C. neoformans or C. gattii s.l. In total, 489 cryptococcal cultures were documented, with 140 corresponding to patients eligible for this study (134 affected by C. neoformans s.l. and 6 by C. gattii s.l.). The map showed a relationship between C. neoformans s.l. patients and pigeon population. C. gattii s.l. patients were associated with neither tree nor pigeon populations, but lived close to large unbuilt, unforested areas.

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“…( P <.0001), 66.6% of which were immunocompetent. These data are in accordance with other studies . Patients affected by C. gattii s.l .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…were older than those affected by C. neoformans s.l . ( P <.05), similar to that found in a German study …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Geographic distribution of patients affected by Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii species complexes meningitis, pigeon and tree populations in Southern Brazil

Tensini

Muro

Queiroz‐Telles

et al. 2016

Mycoses

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“…5 However, Cryptococcus infection in AIDS-negative patients is not rare. A previous study showed that Cryptococcus gattii is more likely to cause disease in healthy people.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical features and radiological characteristics of pulmonary cryptococcosis

Deng

Zhang

et al. 2018

J Int Med Res

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ObjectiveDiagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis is difficult. In this study, we examined the clinical and radiological features that increase the diagnostic accuracy for pulmonary cryptococcosis.MethodsThis retrospective study included clinical data from 68 patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis from 2012 to 2016 in 3 tertiary hospitals.ResultsAmong the 68 patients, 39 (57.35%) had no complications, 39 (57.35%) had clinical symptoms, 6 (8.82%) had a history of occupational exposure, 27 (39.71%) had a single nodule/mass (the most common type of pulmonary cryptococcosis) on chest computed tomography images, 21 (30.88%) had multiple nodules/masses, 16 (23.53%) had ground glass opacity with or without nodules, 2 (2.94%) had miliary nodules, and 2 (2.94%) had enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. Fifty-three (77.94%) patients had lesions with irregular margins, 33 (48.53%) had spiculated lesions, 32 (47.06%) had air bronchograms, 9 (13.24%) had cavities, and 4 (5.88%) had calcifications. Twenty-four patients underwent surgery, 35 received antifungal treatment, and 9 received both treatments.ConclusionThe clinical features and computed tomography signs found in this study are not specific for a diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis. Therefore, an increased awareness of pulmonary cryptococcosis is needed among clinicians.

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“…The disease has increased in prevalence in recent years, accounting for 1 million infections and 700,000 deaths annually (1,2). In China, cryptococcosis has also gradually increased over the past 20 years (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plain and contrast‑enhanced chest computed tomography scan findings of pulmonary cryptococcosis in immunocompetent patients

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Pulmonary cryptococcosis is most commonly reported in immunocompromised patients, whereas immunocompetent hosts are rarely affected and may be asymptomatic, resulting in reduced diagnostic performance of computed tomography (CT) imaging. Thus, the aim of the present study was to review the plain and contrast-enhanced chest CT scan findings of primary pulmonary cryptococcosis in immunocompetent patients, with the aim of improving the diagnosis of this type of pulmonary disease. In the present study, a total of 27 immunocompetent patients of clinically confirmed pulmonary cryptococcosis were analyzed retrospectively. Of the 27 patients, 14 patients underwent plain and contrast-enhanced chest CT scans, while 13 patients only underwent plain chest CT scanning. The clinical and imaging characteristics, including the location, shape, size, number, edge and attenuation or intensity of each lesion, in unenhanced and contrast-enhanced CT scans were reviewed. The results indicated that the most common CT finding was pulmonary nodules (40.74%), with multiple nodules (25.93%) being more common compared with solitary nodules (14.81%). The majority of the nodules were poorly defined and inhomogeneous with observed air-bubble sign. Other findings included consolidation (25.93%), ground-glass opacities (GGO; 22.22%) and a mass (11.11%). The halo, air bronchogram and cavity signs were observed more frequently (22.22, 18.52 and 14.81%, respectively). The pulmonary lesions presented a predominant distribution in the lower lung lobes and peripheral area in 55.55 and 74.07% of the cases, respectively. On the contrast-enhanced CT images, the majority of nodules presented ring enhancement with the mean maximal enhancement value of 20.92±5.67 Hu, and masses demonstrated inhomogeneous enhancement with a mean maximal enhancement value of 35.61±8.32 Hu. In conclusion, familiarity with the CT findings and occupational environment exposure history will assist in earlier and easier diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis in immunocompetent patients.

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Cryptococcosis due to Cryptococcus gattii in Germany from 2004–2013

Cited by 23 publications

References 23 publications

Geographic distribution of patients affected by Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii species complexes meningitis, pigeon and tree populations in Southern Brazil

Geographic distribution of patients affected by Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii species complexes meningitis, pigeon and tree populations in Southern Brazil

Clinical features and radiological characteristics of pulmonary cryptococcosis

Plain and contrast‑enhanced chest computed tomography scan findings of pulmonary cryptococcosis in immunocompetent patients

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