Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in douala, cameroon: A cross sectional study

Luma, Henry Namme; Temfack, Elvis; Halle, Marie Patrice; Tchaleu, Benjamin Clet Nguenkam; Mapoure, Yacouba Njankouo; Koulla‐Shiro, Sinata

doi:10.4103/1947-2714.117318

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The prevalence observed in our study is comparable to what was observed in developing countries like Cameroon (11.2%), and Ethiopia (11.4%) [ 21 , 22 ]. The reported prevalence is slightly higher than what was observed in Sierra Leone (7.7%) and Indonesia (7.1%) and higher than what was reported in London (5%), Nigeria (5.1%) and Haiti (1.1%) [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Prevalence, treatment, and factors associated with cryptococcal meningitis post introduction of integrase inhibitors antiretroviral based regimens among People Living with HIV in Tanzania

Minja,

Mbilinyi,

Mkinga

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Cryptococcal Meningitis (CM), treatment practice, and the associated factors post-introduction of Tenofovir Lamivudine and Dolutegravir (TLD) regimen among People Living with HIV (PLHIV) in Tanzania. Methods This was an analytical cross-sectional study, and the data was collected retrospectively in three public regional referral hospitals (RRHs) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A total of 405 files of the PLHIV admitted in the medical wards on the TLD regimen from January 2019 to December 2022 were reviewed. The collected information includes the patient’s demographic characteristics, Cryptococcal status, CD4 level at the time of CM diagnosis, status of using ART, CM treatment approach, and outcome. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 23. Results Out of 405 patients, the majority 267(65.9%) were female, 224(55.3%) were aged between 36–55 years, and 293(72.3%) were married. ART defaulters were found to be 37(9.1%). The prevalence of CM was found to be 48(11.9%), out of which 42(87.5%) received fluconazole alone. ART defaulter and marital status significantly (p-value < 0.05) were associated with those who tested CM positive. Conclusion The study found the prevalence of CM among PLHIV to be significantly high and the majority were treated with fluconazole alone. ART defaulters and marital status were significantly associated with one being CM positive. Responsible authorities and stakeholders should enforce guideline adherence and PLHIV should be encouraged on medication adherence.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Prevalence, treatment, and factors associated with cryptococcal meningitis post introduction of integrase inhibitors antiretroviral based regimens among People Living with HIV in Tanzania

Minja,

Mbilinyi,

Mkinga

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Anticonvulsants have been used in the management of psychiatric conditions for over fifty years [ 1 , 2 ] particularly in the management of bipolar affective disorder [ 3 ]. Semi sodium valproate is used in the treatment of acute mania, as a maintenance therapy and in combination with an antidepressant in bipolar depression [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teratogenic risk and contraceptive counselling in psychiatric practice: analysis of anticonvulsant therapy

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundAnticonvulsants have been used to manage psychiatric conditions for over 50 years. It is recognised that some, particularly valproate, carbamazepine and lamotrigine, are human teratogens, while others including topiramate require further investigation. We aimed to appraise the documentation of this risk by psychiatrists and review discussion around contraceptive issues.MethodsA retrospective review of prescribing patterns of four anticonvulsants (valproate, carbamazepine, lamotrigine and topiramate) in women of child bearing age was undertaken. Documented evidence of discussion surrounding teratogenicity and contraceptive issues was sought.ResultsValproate was most commonly prescribed (n=67). Evidence of teratogenic risk counselling at medication initiation was sub-optimal – 40% of individuals prescribed carbamazepine and 22% of valproate. Documentation surrounding contraceptive issues was also low- 17% of individuals prescribed carbamazepine and 13% of valproate.ConclusionWe found both low rates of teratogenic risk counselling and low rates of contraception advice in our cohort. Given the high rates of unplanned pregnancies combined with the relatively high risk of major congenital malformations, it is essential that a detailed appraisal of the risks and benefits associated with anticonvulsant medication occurs and is documented within patients’ psychiatric notes.

show abstract

Detection of herpesviruses and enteroviruses in patients with suspected infectious meningoencephalitis in three referral hospitals in Yaounde, Cameroon

Tagnouokam-Ngoupo

Toby

Ebede

et al. 2020

Journal of Medical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In Cameroon, routine diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) infections is based on the detection of bacteria, fungi, parasites, and mycobacteria in cerebrospinal fluids. Therefore, there is no data on viral etiologies of meningoencephalitis (ME) in the country. We aim to identify viral etiologies (herpesviruses and enteroviruses) of ME in Cameroon, to provide useful information to physicians that will help improving management of ME. From February to May 2018, adult patients with clinical signs of ME in three referral hospitals in Yaounde were included. Detection of herpesviruses and enteroviruses was performed using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. P value of 5% was chosen as the threshold for statistical significance in statistical analyses. Eighty‐one patients were included and 15 (18.51%) were positive for herpesviruses. No enterovirus was detected. The most prevalent virus was Epstein‐Barr virus (8.6%) and most of herpesviruses were detected from human immunodefeciency virus (HIV)‐positive patients (86.7%). The overall mortality rate was high, 60.5% (49/81) and analysis of risk factors showed that HIV‐positive status and altered state of consciousness were associated with higher risk of death (odds ratio [OR], 5.41; confidence interval [CI]: 1.91‐16.88; P = .002 and OR, 3.24; CI: 1.11‐0.13; P = .036 respectively). We showed that herpesviruses are present in patients with ME symptoms in Yaounde and can be sometimes in coinfection with others common pathogens of CNS infections. There is therefore a need for increased clinician awareness and education regarding the diagnostic and management of CNS infections in Cameroon to limit unnecessary use of antibiotics.

show abstract

Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in douala, cameroon: A cross sectional study

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Prevalence, treatment, and factors associated with cryptococcal meningitis post introduction of integrase inhibitors antiretroviral based regimens among People Living with HIV in Tanzania

Prevalence, treatment, and factors associated with cryptococcal meningitis post introduction of integrase inhibitors antiretroviral based regimens among People Living with HIV in Tanzania

Teratogenic risk and contraceptive counselling in psychiatric practice: analysis of anticonvulsant therapy

Detection of herpesviruses and enteroviruses in patients with suspected infectious meningoencephalitis in three referral hospitals in Yaounde, Cameroon

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About