Cryptococcal meningitis in an alpaca

Goodchild, Louise; Dart, Andrew; Collins, Michael; Dart, CM; Hodgson, J. L.; Hodgson, David

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1996.tb07559.x

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In a single case report of a mature female alpaca from NSW, Australia [34], C. gattii was isolated. The involvement of C gattii in both alpacas, that in other respects were normal, supports the notion that C gattii generally causes disease in immune competent individuals.…”

Section: Cryptococcosis In Alpacasmentioning

confidence: 95%

Cryptococcosis in domestic animals in Western Australia: a retrospective study from 1995–2006

et al. 2009

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A retrospective study of cryptococcosis in domestic animals residing in Western Australia was conducted over an 11-year-period (from 1995 to 2006) by searching the data base of Murdoch University Veterinary Teaching hospital and the largest private clinical pathology laboratory in Perth. Cryptococcosis was identified in 155 animals: 72 cats, 57 dogs, 20 horses, three alpacas, two ferrets and a sheep. There was no seasonal trend apparent from the dates of diagnosis. Taking into account the commonness of accessions to Murdoch University, cats were five to six times more likely to develop this disease than dogs, and three times more likely than horses, while horses were almost twice as likely as dogs to become infected. Amongst the feline cohort, Ragdoll and Birman breeds were over-represented, while in dogs several pedigree breeds were similarly overrepresented. Dogs and horses tended to develop disease at an early age (one to five years), while cats were presented over a much wider range of ages. In cats and dogs the upper respiratory tract was the most common primary site of infection, while horses and alpacas tended to have lower respiratory involvement. The most striking finding of the study was the high frequency with which C. gattii was identified, with infections attributable to this species comprising 5/9 cats, 11/22 dogs, 9/9 horses and 1/1 alpaca, where appropriate testing was conducted. Preliminary molecular genotyping suggested that most of the C. gattii infections in domestic animals (9/9 cases) were of the VGII genotype. This contrasts the situation on the eastern seaboard of Australia, where disease attributable to C. gattii is less common and mainly due to the VGI genotype. C. gattii therefore appears to be an important cause of cryptococcosis in Western Australia.

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Section: Cryptococcosis In Alpacasmentioning

confidence: 95%

Cryptococcosis in domestic animals in Western Australia: a retrospective study from 1995–2006

et al. 2009

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“…27 When recognized, fungal intracranial or intraspinal canal disease in New World camelids has been most frequently associated with Coccidioides immitis. 12,13,23 Cryptococcus sp., 3,15 Cladophialophora bantiana, 14 Rhizopus sp., 12 and Aspergillus sp. 7 have also been reported to cause primary or secondary (compressive) cerebrospinal disease in New World camelids.…”

Section: Research-article2014mentioning

confidence: 99%

DisseminatedBlastomyces dermatitidis, genetic group 2, infection in an alpaca (Vicugna pacos)

2014

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A 7-year-old, female Huacaya alpaca presented with a 3-week history of left-sided head tilt and mild ataxia. Despite aggressive supportive therapy with empirical antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, thiamine, and anthelminthic therapy, neurologic signs progressed to a right-sided head tilt, positional nystagmus, and episodes of severe ataxia and obtundation. On necropsy, discrete expansile to poorly delineated infiltrative masses with tan, creamy to grumous exudate were observed in the right petrous temporal bone, right middle and inner ear, right cerebellum and medulla as well as in lung, kidney, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and the gastrointestinal tract. Impression cytology and histology revealed a myriad of intralesional yeast, 10-25 μm in diameter, with double-contoured walls, granular protoplasm, and broad-based budding. Culture characteristics, including conidial morphology and temperature-dependent yeast phase transformation, were consistent with Blastomyces sp. Positive Blastomyces antigenuria was identified on a postmortem sample of urine. Microsatellite typing and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region 2 identified the infecting strain as a genetic group 2 isolate of Blastomyces dermatitidis. The present report of camelid blastomycosis adds intracranial blastomycosis to the differential list for camelid neurologic disease in endemic regions.

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“…[51][52][53][54][55] The causative organism is an encapsulated yeast, which reproduces by budding. Specific pathogenic variants of the fungus are found in soil contaminated by either pigeon droppings (variant neoformans) or eucalyptus trees or in the bark and decaying hollows within live trees (all variant gatti).…”

Section: Fungal Meningoencephalitismentioning

confidence: 99%