Cryptochromes: Blue Light Receptors for Plants and Animals

Cashmore, Anthony R.; Jarillo, José A.; Wu, Ying; Li, Dongmei

doi:10.1126/science.284.5415.760

Cited by 912 publications

(675 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…P hotochemical machines in nature are powered by sunlight to execute important biological functions such as photosynthesis for light energy conversion to chemical energy and photosensory function for signal transduction [1][2][3][4][5][6] . To reach high biological efficiency, the initial photoinduced dynamics are usually ultrafast to quickly funnel excitation energy into the functional coordinate(s) and avoid futile energy dissipation into the environment [2][3][4] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular origin of high DNA-repair efficiency by photolyase

Tan

Liu

et al. 2015

Nat Commun

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The primary dynamics in photomachinery such as charge separation in photosynthesis and bond isomerization in sensory photoreceptor are typically ultrafast to accelerate functional dynamics and avoid energy dissipation. The same is also true for the DNA repair enzyme, photolyase. However, it is not known how the photoinduced step is optimized in photolyase to attain maximum efficiency. Here, we analyse the primary reaction steps of repair of ultraviolet-damaged DNA by photolyase using femtosecond spectroscopy. With systematic mutations of the amino acids involved in binding of the flavin cofactor and the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer substrate, we report our direct deconvolution of the catalytic dynamics with three electron-transfer and two bond-breaking elementary steps and thus the fine tuning of the biological repair function for optimal efficiency. We found that the maximum repair efficiency is not enhanced by the ultrafast photoinduced process but achieved by the synergistic optimization of all steps in the complex repair reaction.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular origin of high DNA-repair efficiency by photolyase

Tan

Liu

et al. 2015

Nat Commun

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“…In contrast, experiments on transiently transformed plant cells expressing the CRY1-GFP fusion protein indicated that CRY1 is localised in the nucleus in the dark (Cashmore et al, 1999). Moreover, analysis of the cellular distribution of the CRY2-GUS or CRY2-GFP fusion proteins in transgenic plants showed that the CRY2 photoreceptor is constitutively localised in the nucleus (Kleiner et al, 1999;Guo et al, 1999).…”

Section: Cryptochromesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Signal Transduction in Plants

Sopory¹,

Oelmüller²,

Maheshwari³

2001

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“…75,77,78) Evolutionary studies have shown that the animal CRY protein first functionally diverged from the CPD photolyase, and then diverged further to generate 64PHR. 79) These facts, together with the observation that zCry1a and z64Phr share regulatory pathways, 52) strongly indicate an evolutionary link between the circadian clock and DDR. Although solar light has many beneficial uses, including photosynthesis and the entrainment of circadian clock, the UV component of solar energy is harmful to living cells because it produces cytotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic lesions in DNA.…”

Section: Light-dependent Circadian Entrainment and Ddr Share A Commonmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Common Origin: Signaling Similarities in the Regulation of the Circadian Clock and DNA Damage Responses

Uchida

Hirayama

Nishina

2010

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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INTRODUCTIONFrom bacteria to humans, almost all organisms can adapt the timing of their physiology to the cyclic changes of their environment, thanks to a naturally-selected intrinsic timekeeping system called the circadian clock. 1) The circadian clock enhances the physiological efficiency and survival of an organism by organizing its behavior and body functions. 2,3) During the circadian day, the organism's physiology is given over to catabolic processes, whereas the anabolic functions of growth, repair and consolidation occur at night. To achieve this schedule in mammals, the circadian clock regulates a number of physiological functions, including sleep and wakefulness, food intake, body temperature, cardiovascular and renal activity, hormone production, hepatic metabolism and immune responses. 4,5) Accordingly, disruption of the circadian clock in humans has been linked to profound effects on health, including insomnia, stomach ailments, depression and cancer. 4,5) In most organisms, the molecular mechanisms underlying the establishment and maintenance of biological rhythms comprise interconnected transcription-translation feedback loops in which some clock factors repress their own transcription once they have attained critical levels. 2,3) These oscillators have the property of being endogenous and cellautonomous systems that maintain their rhythm in the absence of external time cues. 6) Both vertebrates and invertebrates have circadian oscillators scattered throughout their bodies. 7,8) In mammals, the circadian system is composed of both central and peripheral oscillators. 7) The mammalian central clock is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) within the anterior hypothalamus of the brain. 9) This central clock acts as a coordinator and provides time signals via both neural and humoral routes that entrain independent peripheral clocks. Dysfunction of the central clock does not inactivate the peripheral clocks but instead causes individual peripheral oscillators to become temporally uncoupled. [10][11][12] To guarantee that an organism's behavior remains tied to the rhythms of its environment, the circadian clock must be able to reset itself in response to environmental cues. 9,13,14) The main environmental stimulus for organisms is light, which is provided in day-night cycles. Mammals have no photoreceptors in peripheral tissues, 15) so that the effect of light on peripheral clocks is indirect. 13) For the mammalian clock, the SCN integrates photic cues from the retina and uses neural and humoral signals to transmit this information to peripheral clocks, synchronizing them. [16][17][18] This communication between the central and peripheral clocks results in the seamless regulation of fundamental physiological functions. 4,8) Interestingly, peripheral clocks can also respond directly to SCN-independent signals such as feeding and temperature change. 19,20) However, the physiological role of SCN-independent responses of peripheral clocks is not yet fully understood. A recent study has reported that ...

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Cryptochromes: Blue Light Receptors for Plants and Animals

Cited by 912 publications

References 43 publications

The molecular origin of high DNA-repair efficiency by photolyase

The molecular origin of high DNA-repair efficiency by photolyase

Signal Transduction in Plants

A Common Origin: Signaling Similarities in the Regulation of the Circadian Clock and DNA Damage Responses

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