Cryptic species, taxonomic inflation, or a bit of both? New species phenomenon in Sri Lanka as suggested by a phylogeny of dwarf geckos (Reptilia, Squamata, Gekkonidae,<i>Cnemaspis</i>)

Agarwal, Ishan; Biswas, Sayantan; Bauer, Aaron M.; Greenbaum, Eli; Jackman, Todd R.; Silva, Anslem de; Batuwita, Sudesh

doi:10.1080/14772000.2017.1282553

Cited by 19 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…South Asian Cnemaspis is not closely related to any extant taxa in the larger BEAST analysis (Figure ) and began diversifying 62 (73–52) Mya (Figure 2). Our divergence dates, though based on a single mitochondrial marker, overlap closely with other studies using overlapping taxon sets (e.g., Agarwal et al., 2017; Chaitanya et al., 2019). The podihuna clade + Cnemaspis sp.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Granite boulders act as deep‐time climate refugia: A Miocene divergent clade of rupicolous Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Mysore Plateau, India, with descriptions of three new species

Agarwal

Thackeray²,

Pal

et al. 2020

J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res.

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We describe a divergent clade and three new rupicolous species of dwarf geckos of the genus Cnemaspis from the Mysore Plateau, southern India. Cnemaspis bangarasp. nov., C. graniticola sp. nov., and C.yelagiriensis sp. nov. differ from each other by 9%–18% uncorrected ND2 sequence divergence and other South Asian Cnemaspis by 17%–33% and are morphologically distinguishable from all regional congeners and each other. The new species are known from only granite boulders in montane habitats (>1,000 m asl.), just 60–120 km straight‐line distance apart from each other. A fossil‐calibrated timetree and ancestral area reconstructions indicate South Asian Cnemaspis originated in Western Ghats forests with initial divergence in the Paleocene‐Eocene making it perhaps the oldest Indian squamate clade. Cnemaspis that occur in Peninsular India in the dry zone outside the Western Ghats form three independently derived clades that occur in significantly warmer and drier habitats than those in the Western Ghats. The discovery of a Miocene divergent clade from rocky hills on the southern edge of the Mysore Plateau reveals these habitats as novel, long‐term climate refugia. This adds to the body of work revealing ancient origins of taxa in the Indian dry zone and supports the Mysore Plateau as an important and overlooked hot spot of lizard biodiversity.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Granite boulders act as deep‐time climate refugia: A Miocene divergent clade of rupicolous Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Mysore Plateau, India, with descriptions of three new species

Agarwal

Thackeray²,

Pal

et al. 2020

J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res.

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“…Maximum-likelihood analyses corroborated results from past investigations (Grismer et al 2014;Agarwal et al 2017;Wood et al 2017) on the phylogenetic relationships amongst Cnemaspis. The Bayesian analysis largely agrees with the Maximum-likelihood analysis particularly at the well-supported and relevant nodes.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…A similar scenario was proposed for the swamp-dwelling clade of Cyrtodactylus (Grismer & Davis 2018). In their phylogenetic analysis, Agarwal et al (2017) estimated that the Sumatran Cnemaspis modigliani split from its Indian congeners during the Miocene. Based on our phylogenetic data, the clade containing both Cnemaspis tanintharyi sp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…The Southeast Asian clade of Cnemaspis dominates the rest of mainland Southeast Asia, including most of Sundaland (Grismer et al 2014). The biogeographic origins of the South Asian Cnemaspis are uncertain, but the group likely arose on the Indian subcontinent given the high species diversity in this region (Agarwal et al 2017). As the Indian Subcontinent drifted northward after its detachment from Gondwana, faunal exchange pathways opened up between the subcontinent and Southeast Asia (Klaus et al 2010;Li et al 2013;Grismer et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We compared our molecular data to all available samples of Cnemaspis in GenBank (Grismer et al 2014;Agarwal et al 2017;Wood et al 2017). We compared our morphological data to datasets provided by taxonomic studies on C. kandiana species group, including Das (2005), Manamendra-Arachchi et al (2007) and Iskandar et al (2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The discovery of Rock Geckos Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in the Tanintharyi Region, Myanmar with the description of two new species

Lee

Losos

Zug

et al. 2019

Zootaxa

820

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We report the first occurrence of the Asian Rock Gecko genus Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 from mainland Myanmar based on a series of specimens recently collected from the Tanintharyi Region. These records come from several localities in the Tanintharyi Region and fill a significant sampling gap for the genus. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using the mitochondrial gene ND2 identify two distinct clades, the first includes Cnemaspis siamensis of the Southeast Asian Cnemaspis group and the second includes two new species belonging to the South Asian Cnemaspis kandiana group. These two species are morphologically distinct and are distinguished from all other members in the C. kandiana group by a combination of character states. The first species, Cnemaspis tanintharyi sp. nov. occurs on the mainland in southern Tanintharyi and is distinguished from all congeners by the possession of keeled pectoral scales; smooth ventral scales and abdominal scales; 2–4 precloacal pores; 4–5 femoral pores on each leg; smooth subcaudal scales with the median row enlarged; coloration of the gular region beige, dark gray-brown with dark blue hueing towards throat; 15–18 subdigital lamellae on the 4th toe; and 21–23 ventral scales at midbody. The other, Cnemaspis thayawthadangyi sp. nov. is known only from the island group of Thayawthadangyi, in the Myeik Archipelago and is distinguished from all congeners by the possession of keeled pectoral scales; keeled ventral scales and abdominal scales; three precloacal pores; four femoral pores on each leg; smooth subcaudal scales, scales on median row enlarged; coloration of the gular region silver with dark-gray irregularly shaped streaks; 16–18 subdigital lamellae on the 4th toe; and 18–20 ventral scales at midbody. In addition, we address the taxonomic status of populations referred to as C. kandiana (a species now restricted to Sri Lanka) found in peninsular Thailand and provisionally assign them as C. cf. tanintharyi sp. nov. until further analysis can be conducted. Finally, we briefly discuss the biogeography of the South Asian clade of Cnemaspis.

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Evolution of Sri Lanka’s Giant Danios (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Devario): Teasing apart species in a recent diversification

Sudasinghe

Pethiyagoda

Meegaskumbura

2020

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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Cryptic species, taxonomic inflation, or a bit of both? New species phenomenon in Sri Lanka as suggested by a phylogeny of dwarf geckos (Reptilia, Squamata, Gekkonidae,Cnemaspis)

Cited by 19 publications

References 42 publications

Granite boulders act as deep‐time climate refugia: A Miocene divergent clade of rupicolous Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Mysore Plateau, India, with descriptions of three new species

Granite boulders act as deep‐time climate refugia: A Miocene divergent clade of rupicolous Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Mysore Plateau, India, with descriptions of three new species

The discovery of Rock Geckos Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in the Tanintharyi Region, Myanmar with the description of two new species

Evolution of Sri Lanka’s Giant Danios (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Devario): Teasing apart species in a recent diversification

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