Cryptic fungal infections: the hidden agenda of plant pathogens

Stergiopoulos, Ioannis; Gordon, Thomas R.

doi:10.3389/fpls.2014.00506

Cited by 81 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Grey mould management could be simplified if only a single species was the target for control (Walker et al ., ). Furthermore, Stergiopoulos & Gordon () suggest that all host–pathogen interactions across the spectrum (e.g. parasitism, mutualism and commensalism) should be considered when adjusting management practices with respect to a particular disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Identification and characterization of Botrytis medusae, a novel cryptic species causing grey mould on wine grapes in Australia

2019

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In a collection of 735 Botrytis isolates sampled from Australian wine grape‐growing regions, a single isolate from clade I and group I (based on Bc‐hch RFLP analysis) was found. As many Botrytis species are known to live sympatrically, it was hypothesized that this isolate might be a new Botrytis species. After phenotypic and molecular assays supported this hypothesis, the species was designated B. medusae. Phylogenetic analyses using the nuclear genes G3PDH, HSP60, RPB2, NEP1 and NEP2 consistently placed B. medusae in an early‐diverging clade I Botrytis spp. lineage. Botrytis medusae produced white aerial mycelium, grew faster at 30 °C and produced long‐branched conidiophore extensions, compared with B. cinerea and B. pseudocinerea. Botrytis medusae was only able to infect wounded grape leaves and was significantly less virulent on wounded leaves and berries than B. cinerea. Botrytis medusae also lacked villiform appendages on the conidial surface and long conidiophores, which are defining features of B. sinoviticola and B. californica, respectively. Identification and characterization of new cryptic Botrytis species living in sympatry on grapevines could potentially provide information to assist disease management strategies for B. cinerea.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Identification and characterization of Botrytis medusae, a novel cryptic species causing grey mould on wine grapes in Australia

2019

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“…Next‐generation sequencing metabarcoding has the potential to develop into an effective method for the molecular identification of multiple plant pathogens from environmental samples (Merges, Bálint, Schmitt, Böhning‐Gaese, & Neuschulz, ; Taberlet, Coissac, Hajibabaei, & Rieseberg, ). DNA metabarcoding seems especially promising for the monitoring of potential plant pathogens (hereafter pathogens), because it bypasses the need for cultivation and isolation of species, and is able to detect plant pathogenic species when they occur asymptomatically (Malcolm, Kuldau, Gugino, & Jiménez‐Gasco, ; Stergiopoulos & Gordon, ) or at barely discernible levels. While DNA metabarcoding holds great potential for detecting and monitoring fungi in their environment (Durand et al, ; Miller, Hopkins, Inward, & Vogler, ; Schmidt et al, ), it has not yet been widely applied to pathogens specifically (Abdelfattah, Nicosia, Cacciola, Droby, & Schena, ; Merges et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biases in the metabarcoding of plant pathogens using rust fungi as a model system

et al. 2018

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Plant pathogens such as rust fungi (Pucciniales) are of global economic and ecological importance. This means there is a critical need to reliably and cost‐effectively detect, identify, and monitor these fungi at large scales. We investigated and analyzed the causes of differences between next‐generation sequencing (NGS) metabarcoding approaches and traditional DNA cloning in the detection and quantification of recognized species of rust fungi from environmental samples. We found significant differences between observed and expected numbers of shared rust fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) among different methods. However, there was no significant difference in relative abundance of OTUs that all methods were capable of detecting. Differences among the methods were mainly driven by the method's ability to detect specific OTUs, likely caused by mismatches with the NGS metabarcoding primers to some Puccinia species. Furthermore, detection ability did not seem to be influenced by differences in sequence lengths among methods, the most appropriate bioinformatic pipeline used for each method, or the ability to detect rare species. Our findings are important to future metabarcoding studies, because they highlight the main sources of difference among methods, and rule out several mechanisms that could drive these differences. Furthermore, strong congruity among three fundamentally different and independent methods demonstrates the promising potential of NGS metabarcoding for tracking important taxa such as rust fungi from within larger NGS metabarcoding communities. Our results support the use of NGS metabarcoding for the large‐scale detection and quantification of rust fungi, but not for confirming the absence of species.

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“…From the perspective of pathogenesis and disease, it is assumed that resistant hosts may block pathogen infection and expression of the disease (Stergiopoulos & Gordon, ). Thus, it is likely that the absence of disease symptoms in weeds harbouring the Fusarium fungi is based on a well‐developed defence mechanism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymptomatic weeds are frequently colonised by pathogenic species of Fusarium in cereal‐based crop rotations

et al. 2019

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Summary Several Fusarium species cause harmful cereal diseases, such as fusarium head blight and crown rot, which, during pathogenesis, may result in significant grain yield and quality losses. Several species of agricultural weed are believed to be alternative and reservoir hosts for Fusarium spp.; however, studies have not comprehensively evaluated those weed species in cropping systems that may harbour these fungi. The objective of this study was to determine weed species in cereal‐based crop rotations that are asymptomatically colonised by Fusarium spp. We sampled all species of weed present in fields that were managed under six different crop sequences in 2015 and 2016. The study yielded 2326 single‐spore isolates of Fusarium spp. derived from various organs of asymptomatic weeds. Isolates were identified morphologically and then confirmed using PCR with species‐specific primers and/or sequencing of tef1α gene fragments. Isolates of nine Fusarium spp. were obtained from 689 of the 744 individuals collected that represented 56 weed species. Each weed species harboured at least one species of Fusarium, and >80% were colonised by 3–9 Fusarium spp. In total, we identified 27 dicotyledonous weed species that were previously undocumented as Fusarium hosts and 251 new weed × Fusarium species combinations were revealed. Consequently, there is a greater risk of negative Fusarium impacts on cereal crops than was previously thought. We suggest effective weed management and inversion soil tillage may help mitigate these impacts.

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Cryptic fungal infections: the hidden agenda of plant pathogens

Cited by 81 publications

References 49 publications

Identification and characterization of Botrytis medusae, a novel cryptic species causing grey mould on wine grapes in Australia

Identification and characterization of Botrytis medusae, a novel cryptic species causing grey mould on wine grapes in Australia

Biases in the metabarcoding of plant pathogens using rust fungi as a model system

Asymptomatic weeds are frequently colonised by pathogenic species of Fusarium in cereal‐based crop rotations

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