Cryptic diversity in the North American Dromochorus tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae): a congruence-based method for species discovery

Duran, Daniel P.; Herrmann, David P.; Roman, Stephen J.; Gwiazdowski, Rodger A.; Drummond, Jennifer; Hood, Glen R.; Egan, Scott P.

doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zly035

Cited by 591 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Recent, revelatory, taxonomic work in divergent groups of North American tiger beetles indicates range-wide genetic analysis is imperative for understanding diversity in this taxon. For example, several cryptic species of tiger beetles have been recently described, and more are hypothesized to occur among the North American fauna [ 13 ]. Conversely, several well-known, phenotypically distinct, tiger beetle subspecies are not supported as distinct lineages [ 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Account of Phylogeographic Variation, Larval Characters, and Laboratory Rearing of the Endangered Cobblestone Tiger Beetle Cicindelidia marginipennis, Dejean, 1831 with Observations of Their Natural History

Gwiazdowski

Andersen

Knisley

et al. 2020

Insects

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The cobblestone tiger beetle, Cicindelidia marginipennis (Dejean, 1831) is a North American species specializing in riparian habitats from New Brunswick, Canada, to Alabama in the United States. In the United States, this species is state-listed as threatened or endangered range-wide and periodically receives consideration for federal listing, mostly due to habitat decline. Despite its conservation status, intraspecific genetic diversity for this species has not been explored and little is known about its natural history. To support further inquiry into the biology of C. marginipennis, this study provides the first look at range-wide genetic diversity using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), describes all three larval instars, and describes natural history characteristics from captive rearing and field observation. Based on mtDNA analyses, our results suggest that geographically based population structure may exist throughout the range, with individuals from Alabama possessing haplotypes not found elsewhere in our sampling. Further genetic analyses, particularly multi-locus analyses, are needed to determine whether the Alabama population represents a separate cryptic species. Our morphological analysis and descriptions of larval instars reveal a combination of characteristics that can be used to differentiate C. marginipennis from closely related and co-occurring species. Based on our field observations, we find that the larval “throw pile” of soil excavated from burrows is a key search image for locating larvae, and we provide descriptions and detailed photographs to aid surveys. Lastly, we find that this species can be successfully reared in captivity and provide guidelines to aid future recovery efforts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Account of Phylogeographic Variation, Larval Characters, and Laboratory Rearing of the Endangered Cobblestone Tiger Beetle Cicindelidia marginipennis, Dejean, 1831 with Observations of Their Natural History

Gwiazdowski

Andersen

Knisley

et al. 2020

Insects

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“…Multilocus nuclear markers were generated via a genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) approach. These reduced complexity libraries were generated from a restriction enzyme procedure described in Parchman et al [39] and utilized in Duran et al [6] for tiger beetles. DNA sequencing of RADseq libraries was performed at the University of Texas Genomic Sequencing and Analysis Facility (Austin, TX) on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform and yielded 194,316,108 raw paired 100-bp reads, or 38.9 total gigabases.…”

Section: Multilocus Marker Generation and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the trees generated in RaxML, include a larger dataset, including many loci with missing data, as this program has been shown to be more robust to the type of missing data generated in RADseq [44]. On the analysis side, we made decisions about missing data tolerances for the STRUCTURE and PCA plots, since these analyses are more sensitive to missing data based on suggestions in the literature, detailed exploration of our own data, and previously published work with tiger beetles and RADseq [6]. We found that selecting loci that were present in 75% of individuals and represented by >50% of individuals within populations, struck a balance between including missing data, while avoiding loci with low coverage.…”

Section: Multilocus Marker Generation and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tiger beetles are a group of more than 2600 species of fast-running predaceous insects distributed around the globe, and are amongst the most charismatic and well-known arthropods [4,5]. Their popularity is partially owed to the great range of colors and patterns present throughout the group; some species have bright metallic colors, while others possess dark or cryptic colors [6]. There are three main axes of variation in tiger beetle body color that are frequently used for taxonomic diagnosis at the species and subspecies level [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geographic Life History Differences Predict Genomic Divergence Better than Mitochondrial Barcodes or Phenotype

Duran

Laroche

Gough

et al. 2020

Genes

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Species diversity can be inferred using multiple data types, however, results based on genetic data can be at odds with patterns of phenotypic variation. Tiger beetles of the Cicindelidia politula (LeConte, 1875) species complex have been taxonomically problematic due to extreme phenotypic variation within and between populations. To better understand the biology and taxonomy of this group, we used mtDNA genealogies and multilocus nuclear analyses of 34,921 SNPs to elucidate its evolutionary history and evaluate the validity of phenotypically circumscribed species and subspecies. Genetic analyses recovered two divergent species that are also ecologically distinct, based on adult life history. These patterns are incongruous with the phenotypic variation that informed prior taxonomy, and most subspecies were not supported as distinct evolutionary lineages. One of the nominal subspecies was found to be a cryptic species; consequently, we elevate C. p. laetipennis (Horn, 1913) to a full species. Although nuclear and mtDNA datasets recovered broadly similar evolutionary units, mito-nuclear discordance was more common than expected, being observed between nearly all geographically overlapping taxonomic pairs. Additionally, a pattern of ‘mitochondrial displacement’ was observed, where mitochondria from one species unidirectionally displace others. Overall, we found that geographically associated life history factors better predict genomic divergence than phenotype and mitochondrial genealogies, and consequently taxon identifications based on mtDNA (e.g., DNA barcodes) may be misleading.

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“…Tiger beetles were determined and described mainly based on morphological characters (Duran et al 2018), especially labral shape, labral setae, elytral maculation, and male genitalia (Pearson and Vogler 2001; Pearson et al 2015). Rivalier (1961) described the subgenus Cylindera s. str.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delineation of two new, highly similar species of Taiwanese Cylindera tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelinae) based on morphological and molecular evidence

Chou¹,

Yeh²

2019

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Tiger beetles have been recognized primarily based on morphological characters. However, the variations of elytral maculation and coloration sometimes lead to misjudgment in species classification and the overlooking of the existence of cryptic species. Recently, specimens of two endemic species of Taiwanese Cylindera, C. sauteri and C. pseudocylindriformis, exhibit morphologically recognizable forms, indicating that some undescribed species may exist. To clarify their taxonomic status, morphological characteristics including male genitalia were examined and two mitochondrial genes, COI and 16S rDNA, and one nuclear 28S rDNA were analyzed. Molecular phylogenetic inferences indicated that both forms in both species are reciprocally monophyletic. Moreover, molecular dating showed the forms diverged approximately 1.3 million years ago. Two new species, Cylindera ooasp. nov. and Cylindera autumnalissp. nov., are thereby described. The main recognizable characteristics separating C. ooasp. nov. from C. sauteri are the lack of a triangular spot at the middle edge of elytron and the elongated but not rounded subapical spot. For C. autumnalissp. nov., the apical lunula near the elytral suture is thickened but not linear and slender, and its elytra are more metallic brownish than those of C. pseudocylindriformis. Although their aedeagi characteristics are not distinctive, the body size of the proposed two new species is different. Field observation revealed that niche utilization would be relevant for differentiating these closely related species.

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Cryptic diversity in the North American Dromochorus tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae): a congruence-based method for species discovery

Cited by 591 publications

References 55 publications

First Account of Phylogeographic Variation, Larval Characters, and Laboratory Rearing of the Endangered Cobblestone Tiger Beetle Cicindelidia marginipennis, Dejean, 1831 with Observations of Their Natural History

First Account of Phylogeographic Variation, Larval Characters, and Laboratory Rearing of the Endangered Cobblestone Tiger Beetle Cicindelidia marginipennis, Dejean, 1831 with Observations of Their Natural History

Geographic Life History Differences Predict Genomic Divergence Better than Mitochondrial Barcodes or Phenotype

Delineation of two new, highly similar species of Taiwanese Cylindera tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelinae) based on morphological and molecular evidence

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