Cryptdin-2 predicts intestinal injury during heatstroke in mice

Abstract

Intestinal injury-induced bacterial translocation and endotoxemia are important in the pathophysiological process of heatstroke. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. Previous studies using 2D-gel electrophoresis found that defensin-related cryptdin-2 (Cry-2), an intestinal α-defensin, is upregulated in intestinal tissues during heatstroke in mice, and that treatment with ulinastatin, a multivalent enzyme inhibitor, reduced heat-induced acute lung injury. To investigate the association between Cry-2 and heat stress (HS)-induced intestinal injury and the probable protective role of ulinastatin, the present study examined the intestinal expression of Cry-2 via histopathologic analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis in mice with heatstroke. The heat-stressed mice were exposed to different core temperatures and cooling treatments, and intestinal pathological changes and Chiu scores were determined. Chemical markers of intestinal injury, serum and intestinal concentrations of diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactic acid (D-Lac), and serum and intestinal concentrations of Cry-2 were also determined. Correlations were analyzed using Spearman's correlation analysis. It was found that HS upregulated the expression of Cry-2, and the serum and intestinal concentrations of Cry-2 were correlated with the severity of HS-induced intestinal damage, indicated by pathology scores and concentrations of DAO and D-lac. Ulinastatin protected the intestines from HS-induced injury and downregulated the expression of Cry-2, which was also correlated with the extent of intestinal injury. Therefore, ulinastatin administration may be beneficial for patients with heatstroke, and Cry-2 may be a novel predictor of HS-induced intestinal injury.

Icariin and its phosphorylated derivatives alleviate intestinal epithelial barrier disruption caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli through modulate p38 MAPK in vivo and in vitro

“…Besides, piglets fed ICA and pICA showed a lower diarrhea rate after suffering from ETEC K88 infection. 38 Besides, ETEC K88 infection reduced the transmembrane resistance of IPEC-J2 cells and increased FITC-D4 flux, which was consistent with previous study. CON: cells were not any treated for 15 hours.…”

Original low birth weight deteriorates the hindgut epithelial barrier function in pigs at the growing stage

“…In the current study, a relatively higher histopathological score indicated that the morphological structure of the colonic and caecal epithelia of LBW pigs suffered from varying degrees of damage. The chemical markers (DAO and D-lactate) are usually low in the circulation system in healthy individuals and will have a significant increase in the circulation system during the destruction of the intestinal barrier (36). Our data show the levels of DAO and D-lactate in plasma were significantly increased in the LBW group, implying increases in the intestinal permeability of LBW pigs.…”

Fecal microbiota transplantation from patients with autoimmune encephalitis modulates Th17 response and relevant behaviors in mice

“…Decreased production of SCFAs by the microbiota increases disruption of the gut barrier 21 . In verifying the damage of the intestinal mucosa, large increases of D-Lac and DAO, chemical markers that are usually high in serum during the destruction of the intestinal barrier, were observed in anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients 22 . Therefore, the lack of protection from anti-inflammatory metabolites of beneficial bacteria and abnormal intestinal permeability also play key roles in the pathogenesis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.…”