Cryostorage of Propellants for Electric Propulsion

Duchemin, Olivier; Valentian, Dominique; Cornu, Nicolas

doi:10.2514/6.2009-4912

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…4,5,6 Recent studies have examined the possibility of cryogenic storage of krypton as a method to reduce the tankage fraction to approximately 1%. 3 This propellant architecture would be advantageous for large scale space tug applications, but would be difficult to implement for more conventional missions such as station-keeping for GEO communications satellites.…”

Section: Propellant Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Singly Ionized Iodine Spectroscopy in Support of Electrostatic Propulsion Diagnostics Development

Hargus¹,

Lubkeman²,

Remy³

et al. 2012

48th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference &Amp;amp; Exhibit

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This effort examines the spectroscopy of the second spectrum of the iodine atom (I II) in order to determine one, or more, useful transitions for laser-induced fluorescence of an accelerated atomic iodine singly charged ion (I + ). While the second spectrum of iodine has been analyzed, it is not particularly well characterized. Nor has it been studied substantially within a plasma such as those of interest to the spacecraft propulsion community. Our goal is to examine the spectral data available in the literature and determine transitions suitable for development into diagnostics tools, such as laserinduced fluorescence (LIF), to examine the plasma acceleration within an electro-static plasma propulsion thruster. While xenon remains the preferred propellant for electrostatic spacecraft propulsion, a number of alternative propellants are being analyzed in various laboratories. Some of the propellants that have been investigated in the recent literature include krypton, bismuth, and iodine. Of these alternative propellant candidates, iodine is the least well investigated. However, due to its close mass (127 versus 131 amu) compared to xenon, it has strong potential for use as an electro-static propulsion propellant. Iodine's benefits include a solid density of 4.9 g/cc, a low boiling point of 183 • C. Compared to xenon storage density of 1.2 g/cc at 2,000 psi, or the bismuth boiling point of 1,564 • C, there appear to be system level advantages to iodine fueled electrostatic spacecraft propulsion. This effort focuses on the development of a laser-induced fluorescence diagnostic tool for the iodine ion.

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Section: Propellant Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Singly Ionized Iodine Spectroscopy in Support of Electrostatic Propulsion Diagnostics Development

Hargus¹,

Lubkeman²,

Remy³

et al. 2012

48th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference &Amp;amp; Exhibit

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“…It is slightly better than krypton in propellant utilization and thrust, but the specific impulse of krypton is higher than that of xenon at the same voltage and power. In-depth comparisons of xenon and krypton's performance characteristics, including propellant dose, specific impulse, thrust, and efficiency for the 12 kW electric thruster used in exploration satellites, were made by Duchemin et al [4]. According to the results, krypton outperforms xenon in propellant dosage and specific impulse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Self-Pressurization Laws of Cryogenic Liquid Krypton Tank for the Electric Propulsion System

Chen

Zhu²,

Zhao³

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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To meet the application requirements of zero boil-off storage of cryogenic liquid krypton propellant in the process of completing deep space exploration missions by electric propulsion system, it is important to study the thermodynamic changes in cryogenic liquid krypton tanks under different environments. The gas phase and liquid phase material model of krypton working fluid, the gas-liquid phase change model at the interface layers, and the heat transfer process between the wall and the internal fluid are established by ANSYS-Fluent. The energy source term, gas phase, liquid phase mass source term, and phase change saturation temperature in the liquid krypton cryogenic tank are defined. This paper’s three influencing factors of gravity, initial liquid filling rate, and wall heat leakage are simulated and analysed. The results show that: (1) The self-pressurization rate significantly rises as the wall heat flux rises, and the gas-liquid interface drops less quickly. The pressure and temperature in the tank are also increasing at the same liquid level. (2) In the normal gravity environment, the bigger the filling rate, the lower the corresponding self-pressurization rate. (3) In the process of variable gravity, the gas pressurization rate in the cryogenic liquid krypton tank falls with the decrease of gravity.

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“…1 Although xenon is a noble gas, it is the heaviest, and due to its non-ideal gas behavior, it is possible to pressurize and store with room temperature specific densities exceeding unity. 2,3 As such, it actually can be stored at slightly higher densities than that of the common liquid monopropellant hydrazine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Preliminary Study of Krypton Laser-Induced Fluorescence

Hargus¹

2010

46th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference &Amp;amp; Exhibit

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There is growing interest in the use of krypton as propellant for electric propulsion as a lower cost replacement for xenon. This study examines the potential application of laser-induced fluorescence as a plasma diagnostic technique for Kr I and Kr II. Candidate electronic transitions are examined to determine their suitability for successful routine application of laser-induced fluorescence. Criteria considered include lower state populations, optical accessibility, existence of nonresonant fluorescence transitions, and fluorescence branching ratios. Using these criteria, one transition for each Kr I and Kr II are identified for future development.

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Cryostorage of Propellants for Electric Propulsion

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Investigation of Singly Ionized Iodine Spectroscopy in Support of Electrostatic Propulsion Diagnostics Development

Investigation of Singly Ionized Iodine Spectroscopy in Support of Electrostatic Propulsion Diagnostics Development

Study on the Self-Pressurization Laws of Cryogenic Liquid Krypton Tank for the Electric Propulsion System

A Preliminary Study of Krypton Laser-Induced Fluorescence

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