“…Numerous methods have since emerged to lessen the quantity of DMSO used (mostly by supplementation with other cryoprotectants) (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) or to completely eliminate DMSO application and these methods may also require special adjunct treatments, reagents or freezing protocols as would be discussed here in specifics. Attempts have also been made at preserving cellular products at non-freezing temperatures (21)(22)(23)(24)(25), advanceable by hypoxia and hypercapnia induced cytoprotection (26)(27)(28).…”