Cryomorphological Topographies in the Study of Ice Caves

Gómez‐Lende, Manuel; Sánchez-Fernández, Manuel

doi:10.3390/geosciences8080274

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…16c-7) Fig. 20 Average accuracy corresponding to different slicing thresholds specific angle. To improve this situation, the DOT-X handheld scanner combining photogrammetry and laser scanners was used to collect data around the rockery, and then the raw point cloud data were preprocessed by pose adjustment, noise removal, and hole repair to generate high-density complete point clouds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in cave extraction, most rockery digital results lack internal data. Cave extraction algorithms are commonly proposed for ice caves or karstic caves by using laser scanners to study ice morphology caves [20] or gravity measurements to analyze karstic cave volumes and positions [21]. However, these methods are not applicable to rockery caves due to their small size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cave feature extraction and classification from rockery point clouds acquired with handheld laser scanners

Lou

Wei

et al. 2022

Herit Sci

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Rockeries are unique elements of Chinese classical gardens with historical, cultural, artistic, and scientific value. One of the essential characteristics of garden rockery is the cave features since cave morphological features determine the degree of “Tou” (riddled through) and “Lou” (hollowed out well) features as the defined by rockery appreciation theory, which is important for rockery heritage conservation, assessment, and management. However, in heritage studies, accurately identifying and evaluating rockery caves is a difficult task because of a cave's irregular shape. This paper proposes a methodology to extract and classify cave features by point clouds obtained from data using a handheld laser scanner with a camera. Without completing surface reconstruction, the rockery point cloud is first sliced into chips, then cave chips were extracted from these approximately two-dimensional chips and next merged to obtain three-dimensional cave point clouds. Finally, the cave boundary points are extracted from the cave and fitted by an ellipse for classification. To extract and classify cave features, a methodology to improve rockery digitalization quality is also proposed. The raw point cloud data were preprocessed by pose adjustment, noise removal, and hole repair. The experimental results for the two rockeries in Tongji University and Qiuxiapu Garden indicate that the improved digitization scheme generates complete and closed rockery point clouds, all types of caves were effectively extracted and classified by our proposed method. Additionally, the extracted caves are still represented by point clouds, which suggest the possibility for other research in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cave feature extraction and classification from rockery point clouds acquired with handheld laser scanners

Lou

Wei

et al. 2022

Herit Sci

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“…Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) has been used to map the complex, fine (millimetre) scale morphology of bedrock channels (e.g., Lague et al, 2013) and inaccessible areas of cave systems (e.g., Buchroithner et al, 2009;Gallay et al, 2015;Oludare Idrees and Pradhan, 2016). TLS has also been used to yield high-resolution digital elevation models of glacier surfaces (e.g., Hopkinson, 2004;Schwalbe et al, 2008;Fischer et al, 2016), to measure and monitor ice surface changes in ice-coated bedrock caves (Gašinec et al, 2012;Gómez-Lende and Sánchez-Fernández, 2018) and, recently, to reconstruct digitally an englacial channel reach (Kamintzis et al, 2018). As an approach, TLS offers an improvement on traditional speleological surveying techniques through increasing the level and resolution of recorded detail markedly, and reducing time spent in high-risk environments owing to more rapid (minutes to hours) data acquisition (Heritage and Large, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology, flow dynamics and evolution of englacial conduits in cold ice

Kamintzis

Irvine‐Fynn

Holt

et al. 2022

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Meltwater routing through ice masses exerts a fundamental control over glacier dynamics and mass balance, and proglacial hydrology. However, despite recent advances in mapping drainage systems in cold, Arctic glaciers, direct observations of englacial channels and their flow conditions remain sparse. Here, using Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) surveys of the main englacial channel of cold-based Austre Brøggerbreen (Svalbard), we map and compare an entrance moulin reach (122 m long) and exit portal reach (273 m long). Analysis of channel planforms, longitudinal profiles, cross-sections and morphological features reveals evidence of spatial variations in water flow conditions and channel incision mechanisms, and the presence of vadose, epiphreatic and phreatic conditions. The entrance reach, located at the base of a perennial moulin, was characterised by vadose, uniform, channel lowering at annual timescales, evidenced by longitudinal grooves, whereas the exit portal reach showed both epiphreatic and vadose conditions, along with upstream knickpoint migration at intra-annual timescales. Fine-scale features, including grooves and scallops, were readily quantified from the TLS point cloud, highlighting the capacity of the technique to inform palaeoflow conditions, and reveal how pulses of meltwater from rainfall events may adjust englacial conduit behaviour. With forecasts of increasing Arctic precipitation in the coming decades, and a progressively greater proportion of glaciers comprising cold ice, augmenting the current knowledge of englacial channel morphology is essential to constrain future glacier hydrological system change.

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“…The cave surface can be modelled from the point cloud as a 3-D polygonal mesh or a 2.5-D raster surface, which was demonstrated in Gallay et al (2016). Applications of TLS in non-glaciated caves are diverse, comprising the field of geomorphology (Cosso et al, 2014;Silvestre et al, 2014;Idrees and Pradhan, 2016;Fabbri et al, 2017;De Waele et al, 2018), studies on light conditions (Hoffmeister et al, 2014), archaeology (Gonzalez-Aguilera et al, 2009;Rüther et al, 2009;Lerma et al, 2010), and projects aiming to increase awareness and tourism (Buchroithner et al, 2011(Buchroithner et al, , 2012. However, the use of TLS in ice caves is possible but more challenging than in non-ice or exterior environments due to the slippery surface, harsh climate, and physical properties of ice, which absorbs a considerable portion of the shortwave infrared energy typically used by the laser scanner (Kamintzis et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting dynamics of cave floor ice with selective cloud-to-cloud approach

et al. 2019

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Abstract. Ice caves can be considered an indicator of the long-term changes in the landscape. Ice volume is dynamic in the caves throughout the year, but the inter-seasonal comparison of ice dynamics might indicate change in the hydrological–climatic regime of the landscape. However, evaluating cave ice volume changes is a challenging task that requires continuous monitoring based on detailed mapping. Today, laser scanning technology is used for cryomorphology mapping to record the status of the ice with ultra-high resolution. Point clouds from individual scanning campaigns need to be localised in a unified coordinate system as a time series to evaluate the dynamics of cave ice. Here we present a selective cloud-to-cloud approach that addresses the issue of registration of single-scan missions into the unified coordinate system. We present the results of monitoring ice dynamics in the Silická ľadnica cave situated in Slovak Karst, which started in summer of 2016. The results show that the change of ice volume during the year is continuous and we can observe repeated processes of degradation and ice formation in the cave. The presented analysis of the inter-seasonal dynamics of the ice volume demonstrates that there has been a significant decrement of ice in the monitored period. However, further long-term observations are necessary to clarify the mechanisms behind this change.

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Cryomorphological Topographies in the Study of Ice Caves

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Cave feature extraction and classification from rockery point clouds acquired with handheld laser scanners

Cave feature extraction and classification from rockery point clouds acquired with handheld laser scanners

Morphology, flow dynamics and evolution of englacial conduits in cold ice

Detecting dynamics of cave floor ice with selective cloud-to-cloud approach

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